Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology

Biochemical Effects of Tribulus-Terrestuis on Ethylene glycol-induce Nephrolithiasis in Albino rats

Samia A.Hussein — 2022-12-28

The present study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum to investigate the effect of Preventive and Treatment dose of aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris on induced kidney stone in albino rats. Kidney stone was induced by ethylene glycol 0.75%v/v ammonium chloride. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups I, II, III and IV, 10 rats each. Group I was saved as negative control –ve (normal rats), group II, III and IV induced kidney stone for ten days. Group II was saved as positive control +ve, groups III received 1.5ml/100gm b/w aqueous extract of T. terrestris simultaneously with induction from day one to day ten (preventive dose), group IV dose of 1.5 ml/100gm b/w aqueous extract T. terrestris from day ten to day twenty(treatment dose). Concentrations of Urea, Creatinine, Phosphorous and Calcium were measured relative to (-ve) control group and (+ve) control group.The study revealed that in preventive dose the concentrations of Urea, Creatinine, Phosphorous and Calcium were significantly (P˂0.05) reducedin treated group compared to (+ve) control group by 56.5%, 21.5%, 58.9%, 3.16% respectively. No significant change in the creatinine between treated and –ve control, urea and phosphorous were significantly (P˂0.05) decreased while calcium was significantly (P˂0.05) increased between treated group compared to -ve control. In treated dose urea, creatinine and phosphorous were reduced significant (P˂0.05) but no significant change in calcium compare to +ve control by 56.88%, 68.9%, 42.24% respectively. There were no significant change in urea, creatinine and phosphorous between the treated and negative control. However the level of calcium in treated group was significantly increase (P˂0.05) compared to negative control.

Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Drinking Water Quality in Elgeneina City – West Darfur State - Sudan

Ali, M. Masaad — 2022-12-28

Water is vital and fundamental for life surviving, where water is the source of all biological lives and their nutrition. Water quality is an evaluation of physicochemical, bacteriological and aesthetic characteristics of water following national and international standard methods. The present study aimed to assess seasonal variations of the physicochemical and bacteriological drinking water quality parameters at Disa aquifer, Elgeneina city - Sudan. The assessment focuses on bacteriological (total coliform [TC], and physicochemical parameters such as temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (NTU), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH) and major ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and PO₄^3-). The findings of the study showed that all the physicochemical characteristics were found within the recommended limits of national and international standards of drinking water. In addition, the findings revealed that some measured TC values 300/ 100 and 100/100 mL in rainy season for wells No.1 and No. 5, respectively, which exceeded the maximum limit of 0.0/ 100 mL of the national and international standards of drinking water. The present study recommends mobilization of treatment and awareness creation with respect to an onset levels to protect human public health from further possible consequences of using the water.

Effect of Freezing on Nutritive Values of Four Fresh Water Fishes of the Blue Nile

Abdel Raheam Hassan Ali El-Bassir — 2022-12-28

The study was designed to investigate the effect of freezing on the proximate profile of fishes Synodontis schall, Bagrus bayad , Schilbe uranoscopus and Bagrus docmac. The fishes were subjected to thirty days of frozen period. Protein decreases with freezing; with the fresh samples (not frozen) having the highest protein content (23.53%) for S. uranoscopus, while the least (20.21 %) was recorded for fish samples that were frozen for thirty days for B. bayad. Similar results were obtained for the fat content where the highest fat content (5.48%) was recorded for the fresh samples for S. uranoscopus and the least value was recorded for those stored for thirty days( 1.913% for S. schall). Ash content also decreased during storage. The most affected fish to protein loss during frozen storage was fish B. bayad (20.21%). Frozen storage lead to a loss of nutrient quality in Sudanese fishes during the processing. For minerals the highest values for (Ca),(Na),(K) was obtained in S. uranoscopus for fresh samples, while for frozen samples the least value of (Ca) was in B. docmac,while for (Na) and (K) the least values was in B. bayad.For heavy metals the the highest value for (Pb) was in S. uranoscopus ,for (Fe) the highest value was in B. docmac, for (Zn) the highest value in S. uranoscopus for fresh sample.For frozen samples the highest value for (Pb) was in S. schall, for (Cd) the highest value was in B. bayad, for (Fe) the highest value was in S. schall, for (Zn) the highest value was also in S. schall .

Nutritional Evaluation and Effect of cooking methods on two types of Chicken Eggs

Khadir. E. Abdelhakam — 2022-12-28

The objective of this study is to assess the nutritional value and the effect of cooking methods on two types of chicken eggs. Raw eggs samples (white and brown) were obtained from Hatashi company for table eggs in Khartoum state, cooked by two kinds of methods (frying and boiling). The proximate composition results showed that there was no significant different (P ≥ 0.05) between the two types of raw eggs. The results also indicated that there was a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) by cooking and heating of ash, fat, protein and fiber, while the moisture content decreased. Minerals content mg/100g (Ca, K, Fe, Mg, P, Na, Zn, Cu and Mn) was affected by egg types and cooking methods, heating methods increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) all of minerals, results showed that the highly content of minerals was P (291.69 and 256.67) found in fried brown and white eggs respectively, but the lower content was found in Cu (0.030 and 0.049) in crude brown and white eggs respectively.

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of a Flavone from the leaves of Cassia obtusifolia.

Fath Elrahman, Ahmed — 2022-12-28

Flavonoids are polyphenol compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, hepato protective, anti-thrombotic, anti-carcinogenic and ant-diabetic activity, occur commonly in plants such Cassia obtusifolia. The powdered leaves of Cassia obtusifolia was extracted with ethanol solvent. The ethanolic extract was phytochemicaly screened and Chromatographic fractionations of the ethanolic extract gave compound I. The structure of this compound was deduced on the basis of its IR, UV,¹H NMR and MS. Compound 1was screened for its antimicrobial activity and the results were exhibited activity against all tested organisms except for Bacillus subtilis.

Using of Sugar Cane Molasses in Broiler Chickens Production

Elsiddig, A.E.A. — 2022-12-29

The study was conducted to show the effect of feeding graded levels of sugar cane molasses meal on the growth performance of (112) unsexed broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain,after the end of second week -old were used complete randomize dozen allotted to four treatments in a 4x4x7 arrangement. Four experimental broiler rations, semi-isocalaric semi-isonitrogenous were formulated with ascending levels of sugar cane molasses meal wise as 0, 5, 7.5 and 10% and designated as rations A, B, C and D respectively with ration A serving as the control. Experimental feeding was continued for35 days on ad-libitum basis, allowing for an initial adaptation feeding period for one week 0n pre-starter ration. Second week on control diet before feeding on the experimental rations during all experiment period. Data collected included weekly feed intake (g), body weight gain (g) and calculated feed conversion ratio during the experiment period and at the end of the experiment 8 birds from each group were selected randomly weight and slaughtered for carcass characteristics and dressing percentage and the weight of internal and external parts and measurement the length of intestines and coloca . The final productive performance live weight, feed intake weight gain, carcass weight which showed significant different (P<0.05) during the experiment period. The internal parts showed no significant different (P<0.05) and also in the internal organs and weight of liver, heart, and gizzard and the length of large and small intestine. According to the results of this study you can used of sugar cane molasses meal up the 10% in the content of the diet without any side effect on the productive performance of the broiler chicks.

Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil from Sudanese Dodonaea viscosa

Ali Khidir — 2022-12-29

This study is planned to identify and quantify the constituents of oil from Sudanese Dodonaea viscosa and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracted fixed oil . GC- MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of : 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (38.60%); hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.88%); 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (17.81%); methyl stearate (11.06%); beside other minor constituents. In cup plate agar diffusion assay, the oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against five standard human pathogens. Moderate activity was observed against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis.

Numerical Study on a Model of Transverse Vibrations of a Beam

Khaled Abdalla Ishag — 2022-12-29

In this study, we apply finite difference method (explicit and implicit methods), for solving transverse vibrations of beam equations linearly and nonlinearly. We discuss two equations; the first equation is obtain by assuming that the deflection is very small ''first derivative of the dependent variable is equal to zero ''. Then Euler Lagrange equation is used. The second equation is obtain by using the Euler Lagrange equation without assumption that the deflection is very small ''first derivative of the dependent variable is not equal to zero ''.

Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Concentrated Juice from Selected Indigenous Sudanese Forest Fruits

Awadia Aldow Ramadan — 2022-12-29

In this study, concentrated juice from the edible part of some indigenous Sudanese forest fruits which include Piliostigma reticulatum (Croup), Vangueria madagascariensis (Kirkir) and Hyphaene thebaica L (Doum) were processed. Juices were analyzed for Total Soluble Solid (TSS), pH, viscosity, acidity, vitamin C, minerals; Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and antioxidants using stander method. Kirker juice recorded the highest TSS, it was 51.00 ± 0.00 while both Doum and Caroub juices recorded the lowest, 50.00 ± 0.00 %. pH of concentrated juice ranged from 4.40 ± 0.00 in croup, to the highest pH was 4.69 ± 0.00 in Doum juice. The highest level of Viscosity was 33 0 ± 0.00 Cps recorded for Caroub juice while the lowest 15.00 ± 0.00 Cps recorded for kirker juice. Caroub concentrated juice had the lowest amount of acidity, it was 0.14 ± 0.00. No significant difference between, kirker and Doum juice in acidity, both recorded values 0.49 ± 0.00 %. Doum concentrated juice recorded the highest level of ascorbic acid, it was (1.15 ± 0.00 mg/100 ml). The highest amount of mineral in all concentrated juices Ca. Its levels were; 12.0 ± 0.00, 12.0 ± 0.00, 18.0 ± 0.00 in Caroub, kirker, and Doum juice, respectively. The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid was recorded for doum juice, croup juice and doum juice respectively. The total flavonoid values of concentrated juice were 39.05 ± 0.01 b, 32.33 ± 0.01c. and 197.97 ± 0.01 mg/QE.in Caroub, kirker and Doum concentrated juices, respectively.

Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil from Withania somnifera Grown in Sudan

Ali Khidir — 2022-12-29

This study was schematized to identify and quantify the constituents of Sudanese Withania somnifera oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracted oil. GC- MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of: 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester (60.47 %); 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (16.02 %); hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.46 %), beside other minor constituents. In cup plate agar diffusion assay, the oil was screened for antimicrobial activity against five standard human pathogens. Withania somnifera oil exhibited moderate activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Haematological Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Geigeria alata in Male Albino Rats

Saad Ismail Hamza Mohammed — 2022-12-29

The indigenous medicinal plants in Sudan form an important component of the natural wealth of the country. The effects of oral administration of Geigeria alata aqueous extract at doses 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg body weight on haematological profiles in male albino rats was investigated in this research work. Albino rat animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each. Group1: control, Group 2, 3 and 4 were administrated orally by 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight, plant extracts respectively, throughout the experiment which contained for consecutive 14 days. The blood parameters measured were: haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Lymphocytes and Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils, plant extract after 14 days did not produce any significant change (P < 0.05) on haemotological parameters tested, relative to their respective control. Significant changes were noted in body weights of rats treated with 1500 mg/kg body weight after 14 days, relative to Control Group. Sub-acute toxicity studies in rats showed that no mortality was recorded in any of the groups even at 1500 mg/kg body weight dose.

Phytochemical screening, Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Liver of Albino Rats Orally Dosed with (Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Marakh) Ethanolic

Manal A Ibrahim — 2022-12-29

leptadenia pyrotechnica plant traditionally used in folkloric medicine in Sudan to cure of cough, fever, kidney disorders, stones and urinary disease. The plant tested for its secondary metabolites and toxic effects, the results exhibited high presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins and triterpens, moderate presence of flavonoids, and negative presence of cumarins and steroids. Rats which dosed with plant extract showed significant differences for Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), albumin and bilirubin levels (p<0.01), while the other parameters represented no significant changes from the control. Histological examination of the plant showed swelling, dilated central vein and peripheral hepatocytes vacoulation.

Determining Ag in Rock Sample Using Gamma Detector and Some Different Spectral Techniques

Julia Ragab khleel — 2022-12-29

The aim of this work is to examine the efficiency of a new gamma spectrometer assembled at Sudan university of science and technology using scintillation counter detector which detect backscattered gamma radiation emitted from the samples which are irradiated by two gamma sources Co⁶⁰ and Cs¹³⁷. To examine the efficiency of this spectrometer , the spectrum of rock samples collected from Alobaidia at north Sudan states were displayed using cassy lab software program. The existence of silver was confirmed by displaying the spectrum of one standers made of pure silver and comparing the coincidence of their peaks with that of the rock samples. Further check was done by three other spectral techniques which are Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) The efficiency of these spectral techniques were also compared. The results indicated that Cs¹³⁷ gamma spectra does not gives peak for Ag element, while the Co⁶⁰ gamma spectra indicates existence silver radiation. The AAS, ICP and EDX techniques confirms the existence silver was confirms by EDX techniques only , while Ag appear in AAS only.