https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/issue/feed 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 MAHADI YAHIA ADAM YAHIA mahdwi7@oiu.edu.sd Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;">The Journal of Agricultural Sciences is a refereed scientific biannual journal that publishes high quality and original research papers, newsletters, review Articles and scientific notes concerning the different fields of Agriculture. <br>.</p> https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3670 2026-08-23T05:41:25+01:00 Abdalrahman A. A. Ahmed omda33sd@gmail.com Ahmed I. A. Yousif aia.yousif@oiu.edu.sd Kornel Czimber omda33sd@gmail.com

The study area faces significant environmental challenges, driven by the dual impacts of climate change and human activity. The aim of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal variations in vegetation cover in the period 2000–2023. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Integrated with monitor vegetation cover and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Data processing and analysis were conducted using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and QGIS software. The results revealed a significant recovery in vegetation cover, with notable increases observed in 2005, 2010, 2020, and 2023. A sharp decline in vegetation cover in 2015 coincided with a severe drought period spanning 2011–2016. The SPEI analysis Indicated that the prolonged drought events from 1983 to 2010, followed by a notable reduction in drought frequency and intensity in recent years (2016–2024). These findings are further supported by the increase in mean annual rainfall during the study period, which contributed to vegetation regeneration. This study underscores the intricate relationship between climate variability and vegetation dynamics in regions affected by socio-political conflicts. These insights emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based conservation and land management strategies to enhance environmental sustainability.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3673 2026-08-23T05:41:26+01:00 Bhagiel T. B. Ibrahim Bhatai222@gmail.com

The purpose of the study is to assess the nutritive value of goat’s soft white cheese (Nubian goat) in comparative with cow’s soft white cheese and evaluate the effect of different storage times on physio chemicals attributes of soft white cheese from two types studied such as fat, protein, total solids, ash and acidity. The obtained results indicate that the cow’s soft white cheese showed it’s better evaluations for fat, protein, ash, and total solids content at 15 days of stored period, However it revealed (21.6, 22.6, 20.1), (19.6, 21.0, 18.3), (2.5, 2.6, 2.1) and (50.4, 54.7, 52.5) of fat, protein, ash, and dry matter for (0 day (fresh cheese), 15 days and 30 days) of storage time respectively. While the fat, protein, ash, and total solids content of goat’s soft white cheese retained the same values during first 15 days of storage time. However, it remained better than that presented from cow’s soft white cheese in similar storing conditions and period. Nevertheless it obtained (22.8, 22.8. 20.7), (20.1, 20.1, 18.9), (2.7, 2.7, 2.2) and (53.8, 53.8, 51.7) 0 day, 15 days and 30 days of stored period respectively. Whereas the acidity contents of the two types of soft white cheese reduced after 15 days and started slightly developing after 30 days of storage period. Though it revealed (3.2, 2.1, 2.22) and (3.5, 1.8, 2.0) during of 0 day, 15 days and 30 days of storage period.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3675 2026-08-23T05:41:26+01:00 Mahdi Y. A. Yahia mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed Mohammed M. Hassan mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed Nasreldin K. Abdalla mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed Muntasir A. M. Elamien mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed Ahmed M. E. Rugheim mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed El Rasheed S. Libs mahdwi7@oiu.edu.ed

A series of experiments were undertaken at the laboratories and experimental farm of Environment, Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, National Center for Research (NCR) and Shendi Research Station experimental farm, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), at season 2015-2016, to evaluate efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphaticum (BMP), Rhizobium leguminosarum (TAL1399) and the herbicide pursuit 10% SL (imazethapyr) against Orobanche crenata infesting faba bean. In laboratory experiments treatments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and in field experiments a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed with four replicates. Results of laboratory experiments showed that T. harzianum and Imazethapyr each alone or in combination significantly reduced O. crenata germination. Field results revealed that, application of T. harzianum; Imazethapyr and Imazethapyr + BMP + TAL1399 significantly delayed the days of O .crenata emergence in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzianum alone or in combination with bacteria or imazethapyr significantly reduced number of O. crenata emergence and increased faba bean plant height as compared to the corresponding control in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzanium alone or in combination with T. harzanium + BMP + TAL1399 significantly increased faba bean biomass, pods/plant, grain yield and 100 seed weight as compared to the infested control in Shendi and Soba sites.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3676 2026-08-23T05:41:26+01:00 Khogali I. Idris khogaliarc@yahoo.com Rawda Y. El Habieb khogaliarc@yahoo.com Gawahir M. Dongla khogaliarc@yahoo.com Mawahib A. Elsiddig khogaliarc@yahoo.com

A field experiment was conducted at Shambat Research Station Farm, Khartoum, Sudan, during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 winter seasons to evaluate the efficacy and crop selectivity of Agreflan 48% ES (trifluralin) for weed control in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The herbicide was evaluated at three application rates (0.63, 0.84 and 1.05 L/fed) as a pre-plant soil treatment, applied 14 days prior to sowing and either mechanically incorporated or immediately irrigated into the soil. All herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed biomass. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on the alfalfa crop. Uncontrolled weed competition reduced total alfalfa dry matter yield by 25% and 21% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Fresh and dry matter yields were consistently higher in herbicide-treated plots than in the unweeded control, attributable to effective weed suppression. No residues of Agreflan 48% ES were detected in any alfalfa samples.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3677 2026-08-23T05:41:26+01:00 Adam H. Anbar adamanbar@oiu.edu.sd Loai M. E. Elawad adamanbar@oiu.edu.sd

The experiments were conducted at laboratory research, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Shambat; during November 2022 to March 2023. is The study aimed to investigate the effect of shoot and fruits aqueous extract of Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris) against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Anopheles mosquito. The mortality percentages of mosquito larvae (%) were recorded after 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post treatment the concentrations was (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%). The results showed that both extracts caused 100% larvae mortality among the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Anopheles mosquito; but the 2nd instar larvae were more sensitive when compared to 4th instar larvae. In general, the activity was low in the first 24 hours, but gradually was increased and no significant differences were reported between concentrations and control. Highly mortality percentages 52.5 to 100% were achieved after 48 hours post treatment, especially in tow higher concentrations (0.5% and 1%) of each extract. Mortality percentage (%) reached 100% after 72 hours. In conclusion, the shoot and fruits aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris are effective, which could be used as a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides against mosquitoes in the future.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3678 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 Abdelkhalig Y. M. Ahmed abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Mohamed I. Ismail abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Abdalla A. Osman abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Ismail A. Ibrahim abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Mona A. Morsal abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Haidar S. Abdalla abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Abdalla A. A. Ahmed abdelkhalig10@gmail.com

This study was executed at Elfasher Research Station Farm for two successive winter seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) to study the effect of intra-row spacing on growth and yield of local potato cultivar, Jabel mrra. The treatment consisted of three intra- rows spacing, viz., 25, 35 and 40 cm applied on the local potato cultivar, Jabel mrra. The results of two seasons showed highly significant differences for the total yield among the different intra-row spacing the interaction between the two seasons was significant. The highest yield was recoded at the intra-row spacing of 25 cm, which produced 16.49 tha-1. Moreover, there were significant differences in plant height and number of leaves /plant, and highly significant differences in number of leaves per plant among the intra-row spacings. Based on the above results, intra-row spacing of 25 cm suitable for potato growth and production in North Darfur State.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3681 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 Abrahim A. A. Salih salihabrahimahmed@gmail.com Abdel Gabar, T. Babiker salihabrahimahmed@gmail.com Mawahib A. Elsiddig salihabrahimahmed@gmail.com

Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) is one of the most invasive woody tree species introduced into arid and semi-arid regions for land rehabilitation. However, its vigorous coppicing ability and rapid regeneration after cutting have made it a serious ecological and economic problem. This study evaluated the effects of cutting time and herbicide application on mesquite regeneration under greenhouse and field conditions. The greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Greenhouse of Sudan University of Science and Technology during 2012–2013, while the field experiments were carried out at El-Sileit Agricultural Project, Sudan, during 2013. In the greenhouse experiments, Garlone Super® (triclopyr) was applied as an aqueous spray at concentrations of 0.125% and 0.5% (v/v), and seedlings were cut at different intervals after treatment. In the field experiment, Garlone Super® was applied as a basal bark treatment at 1.67% (v/v) in diesel to mature mesquite trees, followed by cutting at different time intervals. The results showed that untreated and mechanically cut mesquite regenerated vigorously. Under greenhouse conditions, uncut seedlings treated with Garlone Super® showed 100% mortality, whereas cutting shortly after herbicide application significantly increased regeneration, particularly at the lower herbicide concentration. Increasing herbicide concentration and delaying cutting markedly reduced regeneration. Seedlings cut during the early growth stage (within six weeks after emergence) showed little or no regeneration, whereas regeneration increased progressively with seedling age. Under field conditions, basal bark application of Garlone Super® at 1.67% (v/v) in diesel completely suppressed regeneration of mature mesquite trees for up to six months regardless of cutting time, whereas untreated trees and those treated with diesel alone exhibited 100% regeneration. The findings demonstrate that cutting time and herbicide application method are critical factors for successful mesquite management. Mechanical cutting alone is ineffective, whereas integrating cutting with properly timed herbicide application provides long-term suppression of mesquite regeneration. Therefore, basal bark application of Garlone Super® at 1.67% (v/v) in diesel is recommended as an effective and environmentally sound strategy for the sustainable management of Prosopis juliflora.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3682 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 Lotfie A. Yousif shaker@oiu.edu.sd Shaker B. Ahmed shaker@oiu.edu.sd

Gezira Scheme covering about 0.9 million hectares, located in a semi-arid region. It is one of the biggest gravity-irrigation schemes in Africa and the Arab world. Crops grown in this scheme include cotton, groundnut and sorghum for summer period and wheat for the winter period. Over 130,000 farmers are enrolled in this irrigation scheme with different levels of mechanization and availability of agricultural inputs. This paper assesses the sustainability of agricultural mechanization in Gezira Scheme through quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Field surveys, stakeholder interviews, publications and government documents served as information sources. The SWOT and PESTLE analyses were conducted to identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in terms of the sustainability of agricultural mechanization. Results revealed that the average power availability was low to moderate (0.41 hp/ha), while tractor density reached about one tractor per 200 hectares. The presence of a substantial difference in the level of mechanization among different crops with wheat being the most mechanized (96.7%) and groundnut the least (20.4%). Mechanization constituted 26.3% of the cost of wheat production; while harvesting was the costliest mechanized activity, taking up 29.7% of the cost. Although there are some problems in terms of very high machinery cost, shortage of fuel, and availability of suitable implements. One of the most important suggestions raised by this study is that it is necessary to increase the efficiency of implements used in the scheme. Mechanization has significantly contributed to increasing crop productivity especially wheat, but its use is still low for groundnut and cotton.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3683 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 Aisha M. Morag ashamorag2009@gmail.com Haidar S. Abdalla ashamorag2009@gmail.com Ebada A. Ahmed ashamorag2009@gmail.com

This study evaluates the economic effects of socio-economic factors and organic, inorganic, and bio-fertilizers on the productivity and net returns of sorghum fodder (Sorghum bicolor) L., locally known as Abusabien in Soba area, Khartoum State, Sudan. Primary data were collected from 30 randomly selected farmers through telephone interviews, supplemented with experimental data from Soba Research Station. Descriptive statistics and partial budgeting analysis (PBA) were implemented. The PBA was used to evaluate the economic viability of using organic versus inorganic fertilizers in forage sorghum production. The socioeconomic results indicated that most farmers were married old (70% over 50 years old), married (80%) with large families exceeding 5 members per family (67%). About 77% of the farmers were educated while 23%were illiterate. Although, about 50% had secondary education and 10 % had university education, only 13% had training in modern farming. The partial budgeting results indicated that farmyard manure (FYM) achieved the highest gross returns (SDG 6,260,100/ha) with MRR% of (857%) outperforming other treatments including the addition of inorganic fertilizers. The study concludes that application of fertilizers; in particular FYM enhances both productivity and economic-returns. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening extension services, promoting farmer training, and encouraging sustainable fertilizer use.

2026-07-27T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/FAJAS/article/view/3689 2026-08-23T05:41:27+01:00 Abdelkhalig Y. M. Ahmed abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Mohamed I. Ismail abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Haidar S. Abdalla abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Abdalla A. Osman abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Ismail A. Ibrahim abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Mona A. Morsal abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Abdalla A. A. Ahmed abdelkhalig10@gmail.com Mohamed. O. Abaker abdelkhalig10@gmail.com

Study was executed at Elfasher Research Station Farm for two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) during summer to study the response of okra variety pusa swani to some organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield. The treatments consisted of three levels of chicken manure (2, 4 and 6 ton/ha-1) alone or combination with 86 kg N ha-1 (urea) (2N) + 43 kg P2O5 ha-1 (super phosphate) (1P), and 5 tons of cattle manure alone or coupled with 2N + 1P and the control. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results of the two seasons showed that chicken manure increased the total, small and medium pod yields. Addition of the 2N + 1P increased total pod yields to 21.42t ha-1 and the increment was 38% over the control. The three levels of chicken manure (2, 4 and 6 ton ha-1) increased total pod yields by 26%, 36% and 40% over the control, respectively. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus plus the two levels of chicken manure (2 and 4 tonha-1) increased total pod yields by 43% and 46%, compared to the control and 7.8%, 12.6% when compare with nitrogen plus phosphorus. Application of 2 and 4 tons of chicken manure ha-1 plus (2N + 1P) were suitable for growth of okra. Chicken manure treatment of 4 tonsha-1 plus 2N + 1P achieved the highest economic returns and MRR%, confirming its profitability and feasibility for both smallholders and commercial farming systems.

2026-08-13T00:00:00+01:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agricultural Science