Journal of Agricultural Science
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Journal of Agricultural Sciences is a refereed scientific biannual journal that publishes high quality and original research papers, newsletters, review Articles and scientific notes concerning the different fields of Agriculture. <br>.</p>Omdurman Islamic Universityen-USJournal of Agricultural Science1858-6465Heterosis Studies in Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L) Inbred Lines for Yield and yield Components under Kassala State Environment, Sudan.
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2592
<p>Development of high yielding hybrids with high vigor is the ultimate objective of maize breeding and the success depends largely on the identification of the best parents to ensure maximum heterosis for hybrid production. The present study was carried out at two locations, Tacroof, Kassala Research Station farm and Sawagi ,farmer field, at Kassala state, Sudan with the objective to estimate mid – parent heterosis of five parents (TZBRD-ADQ-2, TZBRD-ADQ-3, TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-AD-5 and TZBRD-COMP-6) and their ten single cross (F1hybrid) (TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-ADQ-3, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-COMP-6, TZBRD-ADQ-3× TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-ADQ-3 ×TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-3× TZBRD-COMP-6, TZBRD-ADQ-4× TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-4× TZBRD-COMP-6 and TZBRD-AD-5× TZBRD-COMP-6) . Four experiments were conducted in two consecutive summer seasons 2016 and 2017 respectively at two different locations. The studied traits included days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height(cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight (g), and grain yield (kg/ha) were measured. The result showed that, highly percentage over mid parents heterosis obtained by cross TZBRD-ADQ-2×TZBRD-ADQ-3, which recorded highest significant relative heterosis for grain yield and other yield components, in desirable direction at both locations. Among all the crosses average of mid parent heterosis was identified as a promising hybrid for majority of studied traits and could be utilized in improvement of the crop characteristics in future hybridization breeding program.</p>Abdullah Elhassan YousifMohammedein B. AlhusseinAhmed Hassan Abu Assar Ibrahim Elsadig Ibrahim Elharith Hamed Bakheit
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-08-302022-08-306252010.52981/fajas.v6i2.2592Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Under Kassala State Conditions, Sudan
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2800
<p>with three replications. The main plots were assigned irrigation regimes and the (2.8m×4m) subplots for mulching. Eight treatments were randomly distributed in each replicate. The results showed that growth parameters were affected by the quantity of water applied under drip irrigation system and the stress was clearly observed on 75% ET<sub>c</sub> compared to 100% ET<sub>c</sub> in both seasons. Moreover, the interaction between irrigation method and mulching showed that the best growth parameters were recorded under drip irrigation at 100% of ET<sub>c</sub> with mulch compared with 75% ET<sub>c</sub> under drip irrigation without mulch. However, the highest yield components and quality of tomato were recorded with 100% ET<sub>c</sub> under drip irrigation while, the lowest were recorded with 75% ET<sub>c</sub> and surface irrigation in both seasons. Among the interaction between irrigation methods and mulching the highest yield components and quality recorded with 100% ET<sub>c</sub> under drip irrigation with mulch and it was significantly superior to all other treatments and the lowest were recorded with 75% ET<sub>c</sub> under drip irrigation without mulch in both seasons. The percentage of the applied water saved were 88.8% and 88.9%, 85.3% and 85.5%, 81.9% and 82%, 13.4% and 11.5% for the 75% ET<sub>c</sub>, 100% ET<sub>c</sub>, 125% ET<sub>c</sub> and surface irrigation with mulch for season 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, respectively compared to surface irrigation without mulch. The highest values of productivities were recorded with 100% ET<sub>c</sub> under drip irrigation with mulch under drip irrigation system in both seasons.</p>Ahmed Babiker Ahmed KhalifaAmir Bakhiet SaedShaker Babiker Ahamed KhalifaEltigani Elnour Bashier
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-012022-11-0162214010.52981/fajas.v6i2.2800Utilization of Mobile Cell Phone as an Effective Agricultural Extension Contact Method among Extension Agents, Khartoum State, Sudan.
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2802
<p>Extension workers use an individual and group contact methods in addition to mass media to contact farmers in order to do better job farming. Each of these contact methods has its advantages and disadvantages. It is high time to find out a contact method that has the advantages of all these methods and rid of their disadvantages. In the rhetoric, mobile cell phone has the advantages of all these methods and free from all their disadvantages. The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using mobile phone as an effective extension contact method among Khartoum state extension agents. A questionnaire is designed to collect the needed data. All the extension workers (40) in the study area were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequencies, percentages, weighted mean and Chi<sup>2</sup> are calculated. The results revealed that: all extension workers (100%) have mobile phone and (87.5%) of them have smart phone. Extension workers have a positive attitude towards using mobile phone as extension contact method at a weighted mean of (4.07) according to Likert scale results. 10% of the extension workers used video and short written message to contact farmers, while 40% of them used telephone call and 25% of them used both mentioned ways. Chi<sup>2</sup> test results shows that there was a high association between the extension workers personal characteristics and suitability of using mobile phone at a level of significance of 0.00. It is recommended that extension and technology transfer directorate should regard mobile phone as genuine extension contact method and provide extension workers with more advanced smart phones and train them on how to use it as a contact and teaching method effectively, the extension workers should use all individual and group contact methods to inform and teach farmers the importance of using mobile and urge them to act upon, and take advantages of social media and establish whatsApp groups contacts involve all the farmers and the extension workers in Khartoum state to hang together and stick together so as to exchange ideas, skills and discuss problems that farmers face.</p>Adam Elradi M, AliHigra R. B. RahamaElbadawi K. H. Khalifa
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-022022-11-0262416010.52981/fajas.v6i2.2802Energy use efficiency for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Production in large-scale rainfed schemes eastern Sudan
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2779
<p>Agriculture is a consumer and producer of energy. Efficient use of the energy resources in agricultural production is important for improving the productivity, sustainability and competitiveness. This study was carried out to analyze the energy input-output and to identify the energy use patterns for sesame production in the large–scale rainfed agricultural schemes eastern Sudan. The required data was collected through structured questionnaire, from 54 farmers. The results showed that 63% of the surveyed farmers grew sesame crop. The average grown area by farmers was 276 ha. The results showed that, on the average, the total energy input to produce sesame was 1514.03 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> and the total energy output was 10538.72 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup>. The results indicated that sesame production was efficient in energy consumption; the energy ratio of output to input was as high as 6:1. The average net energy, the energy productivity and the specific energy was 9024.69 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup>, 0.28 kg MJ<sup>-1 </sup>and 3.59 MJ kg<sup> -1</sup>, respectively. The results showed that the energy input for fuel and labor was the highest among the other items of input energy. The results showed that, in harvest operation, the shift from manual cutting and binding to mechanical cutting and binding saved direct energy and labor energy by 26.62 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> and 134.55 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively; but it required additional 37.96 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> in machinery energy. The results also showed that the more machinery is used in sesame harvesting, the more amount of the renewable energy is saved. The results revealed that the direct energy was greater than the indirect energy; likewise, the non-renewable energy was greater than the renewable energy. The study advised that more investigations are needed on balanced utilization of energy sources for sesame production in the large-scale rainfed agricultural schemes in eastern Sudan.</p>Lotfie A. Yousif
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-012022-11-0162617710.52981/fajas.v6i2.2779Production of Al Badi feed for broiler poultry at the lowest possible cost using linear programming Case study of the Saer Company for Agricultural and Livestock Production•
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2803
<p>The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of producing Badi feed for broiler poultry at the lowest possible cost using linear programming, in Saer Agricultural and Animal Production Company, in order to reduce production costs and increase profits, and to help the company's management in making its decisions related to the feed industry, and to improve the competitive position of the company, the aim of the research is to clarify The effect of linear programming in reducing costs, in making administrative decisions related to the feed industry, and improving the company's competitive position, the study relied on secondary data provided by the company in August of the year 2020. The research used the descriptive analytical approach and quantitative methods in determining the appropriate and least expensive feed formula, and the issue of linear programming of feed ingredients was solved using WinQSB program. Production and increasing profits, and helps the company’s management in making its decisions related to the feed industry, which improves the competitive position of the company. The research recommends that all companies use quantitative methods, especially linear programming, in the feed industry to reduce costs and increase profits.</p>Elbager Farkug Yahia
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-022022-11-0262789210.52981/fajas.v6i2.2803Effect of Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) Growth and Yield in Autumn and Winter in Khartoum State
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2804
<p>field experiment was conducted in autumn and winter seasons (2008-2007)at the Demonstration farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Omdurman Islamic University to study the effect of seasonal variation, Ammonium Sulfate fertilization and spacing between plant on growth and yield of black mustard (<em>Brassica nigra </em>L). The treatments used were four levels of ammonium sulfate fertilizerwhich were (0, 100, 150 and 200kg/fed) and three sowing spacingwere (20,30 and40cm). The design wasrandomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicationsin both seasons (autumn and winter). The parameters measured during vegetative growth and yield wereinclude (plant height, stem diameter, number of leafs,number ofnodes, number of branches,number of pod, seeds weight\ plant and yield kg/fed. The results showed no significant difference between treatments on plant height in two seasons but there were significant effect for fertilizer on stem diameter in autumn. The results revealed significant different for fertilizer and sowing spacing on leaf number, nodes number and number of branches in autumn. The results revealed that there were significant effects for fertilizer on numberof pods and seeds weight per plant.In addition the results alsoreported that there were highly significant effect for fertilizer in two seasons on yield kg/fed and highly significant in sowing spacing in autumnon yield kg\fed.</p>Kamaleldin A. M. A. TahaOmer A. MohamedMohammed A. Mohammed AliMohielden G. AbdallaAwd Yasin Ali
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-022022-11-02629311510.52981/fajas.v6i2.2804Impact of Adoption of Water Harvesting Technologies on Economic Situation of Farmers in Abu Daleq - Khartoum State
https://journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/FAJAS/article/view/2805
<p>The study aims to find out the impact of adoption of water harvesting technology on the economic situation of farmers and development in Abu Daleq, East Nile Locality - Khartoum State, and to identify the most important obstacles to adopting this technology. The study used the social survey method to collect data, and a proportional stratified random sample consisting of 252 respondents was selected, 12% of the total number of the target population, and the primary data was collected through a questionnaire. The study used descriptive analysis (percentages), the five-dimensional Likert scale to measure the respondents' trend. The study found that water harvesting programs in Abu Deliq area in Khartoum state led to an increase in agricultural activities, improvement of income level, increased production, increased farming area, diversified crop composition, increased number of herd, increased animal products. The water harvesting program also contributed to the development process in the region, as the programs provided health insurance, trained midwives, established schools, established health centers, established new markets and provided communication devices. The study also found the most important factors that limited the adoption of water harvesting technologies, which are the high cost of the technology, small area and land ownership. The study recommended increasing interest in constructing pits, dams and gears in areas where water is scarce, and achieving full benefit from rainwater, supporting the state for water harvesting programs, and providing training in the field of drilling and gear technologies for local communities.</p>Nasr Al-Din Ali Idris Maryam Al-Huda Suad Ibrahim Al-Obeid
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Agricultural Science
2022-11-022022-11-026211612810.52981/fajas.v6i2.2805