Hypouricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of methanolic extract of Ocimum basilium leaves on yeast extract/potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of uric acid. Over activity of this enzyme and increased intake of dietary food rich in nucleic acids result in hyperuricemia. During this reaction molecular oxygen acts as electron acceptor, producing superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Allopurinol, a commonly used XO inhibitor, has various adverse effects such as renal toxicity and fatal liver necrosis. The use of plant-based drugs is considered much safer compared to synthetic drugs. Ocimum basilicum extract effectively reverting the effects of high oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. In addition, basil extract presents anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to investigate invitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activites and the possible hypouricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activites of methanolic extract of O basilicum leaves (OBLE) on yeast extract(YE)/potassium oxonate(PO) induced hyperuricemic albino rats at two dose level (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) using allpurinol(5mg/kg) as standard drug. OBLE showed strong antioxidant activity (80%) invitro, however lower than the standard pyrogallate(92%). Invivo results showed significant reduction on uric acid at the two doses with higher level (P<0.01) caused by 200mg/kg OBLE which is comparable to allpurinol and effective xathine oxidase inhibitory activity with (P<0.05) produced by both groups of OBLE treated rats compared to hyperuricemic control. Potassium oxonate and yeast extract caused a significant increase in uric acid (P < 0.01,) indicating the induction of hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemic control rats also showed a highly significant increase in serum globulins (P < 0.001) indicating the occurrence of inflammation. While serum globulin significantly reduced in OBLE treated rats. Serum parameters for both liver and kidney functions were measured. Results were compared with normal rats, hyperuricemic control and standard drug allpurinol.
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