Sudan Medical Laboratory Journal

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in Sudanese patients, Khartoum state- Sudan

AbdulAzeem AbdulSalam Ibrahim Alkhidir — 2024-10-26

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is small, spiral, Gram-negative bacilli that plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, is strongly associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulceration. The bacterium highly links to duodenal ulcer, which was classified as a group I carcinogen in 1994 by the WHO.

Objectives-This study aimed to isolate Helicobacter Pylori from stomach biopsy, and to assess the correlation between H.pylori infection and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (Epigastric pain, and hunger) and Duodenitis.

Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.Out of 40 participants were included in this study. The antral mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained. According to standard microbiology procedure the specimens were cultured on Modified Brain heart Hemoglobin Urea Agar which is selective and differential media for H. pylori, the urease activity of H.pylori observed within 24 hours in this media .while, the growth were observed after 3 days following the incubation of cultured plates under microaerophilic condition provided by candle jar.

Result: H. Pylori was detected in 2(5%) of 40 stomach biopsy specimens. And this study revealed that there is no association between H.pylori infection and Epigastric pain, hunger pain and Duodenitis.

Conclusion-This study concludes that there is no association between H.pylori infection and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (epigastric pain and hunger) and duodenitis.

Molecular Detection of Occult Hepatitis B Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in Khartoum

Waleed Abdelateif Hussein — 2024-10-26

Background: Hepatitis B, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health problem. Of the two billion people infected with the virus, more than 296 million are chronic carriers and more than 686,000 die annually from HBV-related complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients in order to establish basic knowledge for future HIV Patient care.

Method: A total number of 88 Serum samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus patient was collected and tested to determine the HBV exposure rate and the presence of HBsAg and detection of Occult Hepatitis B Virus .

Results: in This study , the mean age of them was 35.98 years, 64.7% (n= 57) were male and 35.3% (n= 31) were female, the exposure rate of HBV was 39.7%,and we found high rate of exposure in male (63%) and We found the high rate of exposure in age group (25-35 years) ( 45.7%) and The prevalence of HBsAg in study population was 6.82% we found high prevalence rate in female (66.7%) and high prevalence rate in age group (25 – 35years) (66.7%) in the other hand the prevalence of OHB was 2.4% and We found high rate in male 100% and we found similar distribution to infection in just two age group; group (25-35)years(50%) and age group (less than 15 years) (50%) .

Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for continued fully screening and education about Occult HBV infection and strategies that ensure future HIV Patient care.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR C677T) Gene Polymorphism in Sudanese Patients with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Ghaidah Fathy Alrahman Mohamed — 2024-10-26

Background: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is one of the major types of leukemia that are found in Sudan. This study aimed to examine the associations of MTHFR c677T polymorphism with the risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia among patients in Sudan.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with myocardial infarction and 50 healthy controls who were matched

by age and gender were included in the study. MTHFR C677T polymorphism was studied in both cases and healthy controls, 2 ml of blood samples were collected from both patients and controls into EDTA anticoagulated tubes, the extraction of DNA was done using the salting out approach, The primers, were used to amplify the MTHFR C677T fragment, the amplified fragment was detected on an agarose gel electrophoresis. And count the blood cells.

Results: low frequency of the mutants MTHFR C677T genotype with CT genotype being present in

6.7% of the patients and CC genotype representing 93.3% of the population. Among healthy controls,

the frequency of CT genotype was 8% while that of CC genotype was 90%. There was no significant

association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and the risk of ALL.

Conclusion: Our data suggest a low impact of MTHFRC677T gene polymorphism on the of developing ALL.

Detection of NOTCH1 Mutation among Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Sudanese Population

Ebtihal Ahmed Babekir — 2024-10-26

Introduction: The proto-oncogene NOTCH1 is frequently mutated in around 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The NOTCH signaling pathway in CLL cells serves a role in survival and resistance to apoptosis. The most common mutation of NOTCH1 is C.7544-7545delCT, which accounts for ~80% of all NOTCH1 mutations.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence the NOTCH1 c.7541_7542delCT mutation in Sudanese patients with B- cell lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).

Materials and Methods: A Case-control study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan, during the period from April 2017 to April 2018, involved 110 CLL patients. Physical examination, complete blood count, and Immunophenotyping were performed in all patients to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical staging such as Rai and Binet were studied. Blood samples were collected from all participants; DNA was extracted by using ANALYTIKJENA Blood DNA Extraction Kit. Detection of NOTCH1 c.7544_7545delCT mutation was performed using conventional PCR-based amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method.

Results: The NOTCH1 c.7544-7545CT mutation was detected by AS-PCR in 46 out of 110 CLL Sudanese patients (41.8%).The distribution of T allele among the cases was 93.6% while the negative cases were 6.4% in cases and controls, No significant association of NOTCH1 mutation with the age and gender. Also the distribution of G allele among cases was 91% while the negative was 9%, in compare to control in which 80.9% was positive and 19.1% were negative with no significant association.

Conclusion: NOTCH1 mutations were frequently detected in B cell CLL Sudanese patients.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant and Aborted Women in Khartoum State, Sudan

Adam Ahmed Mohamed — 2024-10-26

Introduction: Congenital toxoplasmosis occurs in foetuses upon a primo infection of a pregnant woman with T. gondii. According to the trimester of infection, it does only cause miscarriage or stillbirth but also serious and progressive visual, hearing, motor, and cognitive complications in a born child. A crucial step in antenatal care is the detection of T. gondii infection in the pregnant mother and her fetes.

Objective: To determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant and aborted women and other virile of risk factors studied.

Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal care in Khartoum State, Sudan collection of 3 ml ,centrifugation, save at 4c can be detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test for IgM study was conducted from June 2022 to July 2022 screened for immunoglobulin (IgM) antitoxoplasma antibodies using ELISA technique.

Results: Total of 100 pregnant women test were seropositive for IgM was 47 (47%) and while 53 (53%) seronegative. None of the examined women had IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies. The highest rate of infection (25%) was detected among women aged 26-30 years. No statistically significant relation was observed between T.gondii sero-prevalence and other virile of risk factors studied(gestational age, aborted and non-aborted pregnant women, group age, educational level , occupation , demographic data) S (p.value > 0.05).

Conclusions: This study concluded a high seropositivity for Toxopalsma gondii indicating potential for abortion and congenital transmission. Women living in Khartoum higher risks for T. gondii infection. The higher prevalent was in age group (26-30) years. Educational level , occupation , demographic data was statistically significant.

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Cytolytic Vaginosis in Reproductive-age Sudanese Women, Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan, 2023

Rayan Sidig Adam Abdelgalil — 2024-10-26

Introduction: Cytolytic vaginosis is a condition that defined by the presence of a large number of lactobacilli, along with cytolysis of the intermediate cells of the vaginal epithelium.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cytolytic vaginosis (CV) in cervical smears of Sudanese females at reproductive age attended to Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital and some private clinics.

Methods: A total of 134 cervical Papanicolaou PAP smears were collected from Sudanese married women during the period from February 2020 to January 2023. Collected PAP smears were evaluated according to the 2014 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology.

Result: Out of the 134 cervical smears, 78 ) 58.2%) had normal growth of lactobacilli, 36 (26.8%) had lactobacillus overgrowth, and 20 (14.9%) classified as cytolytic vaginosis. 50% the participants with CV were in the age group 26-36 years, 60% belonged to rural communities and vaginal discharge was the main complaint in 60% of them. And all CV smears were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM).

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of accurately diagnosing vaginal discharge, with a specific focus on considering Cytolytic Vaginosis (CV) as a potential cause. CV is an important player in cervical infection or microbial dysbiosis. Women with vaginal discharges should undergo a routine cervical screening examinations.

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Assessment of Procalcitonin (PCT) Level among Type-2 Diabetic Mellitus with septic foot

Mohammad A S Mohammad — 2024-10-26

Introduction: Procalcitonin (PCT) is marker of inflammatory response, stimulated by bacteria products
endotoxins and cytokines [IL.1, IL.2, IL.6 and TNF alpha].
Aim: to assess PCT level and to investigate diagnostic value as an early marker for septic foot among
type 2 DM.
Material and Methods: In cross-sectional hospital based study (n 40) septic food patients (age ranged
from 41 to 78 years old) and (n 40) DM without septic foot as control group were enrolled. Specimen
were collected from Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State during the period from June to July
2017. Serum PCT levels were measured using ICROMA® instrument.
Results: Analyses of frequency showed that, septic food was common in female 58% than male 42%,
while the majority are obese 70% followed by 13% overweight and 17% normal weight. Moreover poor
control septic food patients account 1.5:1 fold. Comparison revealed significant increase of PCT in
diabetic septic foot when compared with control (p-value 0.000). Dotblot regression showed PCT
correlate positively with age R=0.153 P=0347, while correlated with HbA1c R=0.368, P=0.020.
Moreover, inverse correlation was observed between PCT, duration of disease and BMI (R=0.413,
P=0.008 and R=0.458, P=0.003) respectively.
Conclusions: The data that, septic food is common in obese DM Sudanese female. PCT is significantly
higher in DM septic food patients. Thus could be useful an early diagnostic marker for septic food.