Identification of COX1 gene in urinary Schistosomiasis among School Children at Al-Fasher Town Northern Darfur- Sudan
Keywords:
Urinary schistosomiasis, PCR, COX1gene
Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the most important human diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality particularly in tropical area. The disease is endemic in many developing countries that adds primarily on water bodies. The disease remains highly prevalent in Sudan, especially amongst rural communities.
Objective: The study was conducted to detect the frequency of schistosomiasis and to investigate possible genetic variations in S. haematobium, in AlFasher Town.
Methods: Urine samples were collected from 195 school children enrolled in this study and examined using microscopic and molecular analysis involved PCR amplifications and visualization (on agarose gel) detection for of possible genetic variants in the mitochondrial genes (COX1) .
Results : The study showed the frequency rate of Schistosoma haematobium in urine samples was 12/196 (6.1%). All the cases identified by microscopy got amplified, some were found to vary in their ability to express the mitochondrial genes COX1.
Conclusions: Out of 12, positive microscopically urine samples eight was positive by COX1 gene PCR (8/12(66.6%), This finding will therefore add to knowledge on genetic variations in S. haematobium.
References
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21-Gray DJ, Ross AG, Li YS, McManus DP. Diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis. Bmj.2011; 342:d2651.
22- Webster, B.L., Rollinson, D., Stothard, J.R. and Huyse, T., 2010. Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S.bovis. Journal of helminthology, 84(1), pp.107-114.
2-Kukula, V.A., MacPherson, E.E., Tsey, I.H., Stothard, J.R., Theobald, S. and Gyapong, M., 2019. A major hurdle in the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis revealed: Identifying key gaps in knowledge and understanding of female genital schistosomiasis within communities and local health workers. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 13(3), p.e0007207.
3-Stothard JR, Campbell SJ, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Durant T, Stanton MC, Biritwum N-K, et al. Towards interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: developing an appropriate environmental surveillance framework to guide and to support ‘end game’interventions. Infectious diseases of poverty. 2017;6[1]:10.
4-Clark M. Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS): the most neglected gynaecological disease. London: The International Society for Neglected Tropical Diseases; 2017.
5- Manderson L, Aagaard-Hansen J, Allotey P, Gyapong M, Sommerfeld J. Social Research on Neglected Diseases of Poverty: Continuing and Emerging Themes. PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2009;3[2]:e332. pmid:19238216.
6- Bruun B, Aagaard-Hansen J. The social context of schistosomiasis and its control: an introduction and annotated bibliography. 2008.
7- Abdeljbar E., Samir, H., Emmanuel, K., Mohamed, D. O.,Alam, E M., Tanole, J., Elmonshawe, A. M., Ali, M., Gafar, A. A., Khalid, B., Abdulrahman, A., Farouq, H. High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis intwo communities in South Darfur: implicationfor interventions Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:114.
8- Rostami, S., Salavati, R., Beech, R.N., Sharbatkhori, M., Babaei, Z., Saedi, S. and Harandi, M.F., 2013. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 12S ribosomal RNA characterization of Coenurus cerebralis from sheep in Iran. Veterinary Parasitology, 197(1-2), pp.141-151.
9-Viricel, A. and Rosel, P.E., 2012. Evaluating the utility of cox1 for cetacean species identification. Marine Mammal Science, 28(1), pp.37-62.
10- Trobajo, R., Mann, D.G., Clavero, E., Evans, K.M., Vanormelingen, P. and McGregor, R.C., 2010. The use of partial cox 1, rbc L and LSU rDNA sequences for phylogenetics and species identification within the Nitzschia palea species complex (Bacillariophyceae). European Journal of Phycology, 45(4), pp.413-425.
11- Lin, X., Stur, E. and Ekrem, T., 2015. Exploring genetic divergence in a species-rich insect genus using 2790 DNA barcodes. PloS one, 10(9), p.e0138993.
12-Sady, H., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Webster, B.L., Ngui, R., Atroosh, W.M., Al-Delaimy, A.K., Nasr, N.A., Chua, K.H., Lim, Y.A. and Surin, J., 2015. New insights into the genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobiumin Yemen. Parasites & vectors, 8(1), pp.1-14.
13- Dias Neto, E., Passos, L.K.F., Pereira de Souza, C., Romanha, A.J., Katz, N., Simpson, A.J.G., Steindel, M., Rollinson, D. and Pena, S.D.J., 1993. The use of RAPDs for the study of the genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni and Trypanosoma cruzi. In DNA Fingerprinting: State of the science (pp. 339-345). Birkhäuser, Basel.
14-Hotez, P.J., Savioli, L., Fenwick, A. Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: Review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2012;6(2):e1475.
15- Taha, E., Nabil G., Alan F., Rashida B., Ahmed E., Zoheir, N.M.H., Farid, A., Nabil, S., Gabr, H M.H., Mohamed, H. H., Nabiel, N. H. M, Barnett, L. C., And Strickland, T.G. The Epidemiology Of Schistosomiasis In Egypt: Summary Findings In Nine Governoratesam. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 62(2)S, 2000. 88–99.
16- Prevalence of schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among school children in Um-Asher Area, Khartoum,. BMC Res Notes 11,(2018). 779.
17-Abou-Zeid, A.H., Abkar, T.A. and Mohamed, R.O., 2013. Schistosomiasis infection among primary school students in a war zone, Southern Kordofan State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 13(1), pp.1-8.
18-Ismail, H.A.H.A., Hong, S.T., Babiker, A.T.E.B., Hassan, R.M.A.E., Sulaiman, M.A.Z., Jeong, H.G., Kong, W.H., Lee, S.H., Cho, H.I., Nam, H.S. and Oh, C.H., 2014. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis among school children in the White Nile River basin, Sudan. Parasites & vectors, 7(1), pp.1-11.
19-Osman, R.M., Eisa, N.S., Nasr, A.A., Ali, O.O., Siddig, E.E. and Mohamed, N.S., 2018. Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among School Children in Al-Lamab Bahar Abiad Area, Khartoum State, Sudan 2017: A Cross Sectional Study.
20-Angora, E., Vangraefschepe, A., Allienne, J.F., Menan, H., Coulibaly, J., Meïté, A., Raso, G., Winkler, M., Yavo, W., Touré, A. and N’goran, E., 2022. Population genetic structure of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma haematobium× Schistosoma bovis hybrids among school-aged children in Côte d’Ivoire. Parasite, 29, p.23.
21-Gray DJ, Ross AG, Li YS, McManus DP. Diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis. Bmj.2011; 342:d2651.
22- Webster, B.L., Rollinson, D., Stothard, J.R. and Huyse, T., 2010. Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S.bovis. Journal of helminthology, 84(1), pp.107-114.
Published
2022-10-29
Section
Articles
