Cytomorphological Changes in Oral Mucosa as a Result of Cigarette Smoking in Wad Medani City, Gezira State, Sudan (2021)

Rania M.  SidAhmed; Maysa A.  Mohammed; Omneiat I.  Ahmed; Mohammed Abdelssalam Hassan  Edrees

doi:10.52981/smlj.v10i2.2857

Rania M. SidAhmed 1Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira - Wad Medani,Sudan.
Maysa A. Mohammed 1Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira - Wad Medani,Sudan.
Omneiat I. Ahmed 1Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira - Wad Medani,Sudan.
Mohammed Abdelssalam Hassan Edrees Omdurman Islamic University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Sudan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52981/smlj.v10i2.2857

Keywords: Cytomorphological Changes in Oral Mucosa, Cigarettes Smoking, PAP, H&E, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a common practice and damages almost all organs and systems of the body. The oral cavity is rich in flora and contains many microorganisms that cause local and systemic diseases if microbiological flora is altered. Cigarette smoke renders oral mucosa epithelium to be susceptible to the colonization of pathogens. These pathogens can cause or contribute to the formation of systemic diseases.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the cytomorphological changes in oral mucosa Duo to cigarette smoking using Pap stain and H&E stain, to find out the better staining results of the two colours, and to assess the effect of age, duration and frequency of smoking on the oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to assess the cytological changes in oral mucosa of cigarette smokers using Pap stain in Wad Medani City, Gezira State, Sudan (2021). The study included 100 cigarette smokers’ samples. To avoid exposure to dry air, samples tacked by plastic sticks were spread on a slide and immediately fixed with fixative spray. In the pathology laboratory, the samples were stained with Papanicolaou and Hematotoxlin and Eosin. Each specimen had two slides, which were reviewed by a cytopathologist according to the criteria of benign and malignant.

Results: The mean age was 24 years. There was insignificant relation between the age of smokers and the cytological diagnosis of samples (P.Value 0.59), but most normal cases in less than 24 years and most typical cases in more than 24 years. There was insignificant relation between the duration of smoking and the cytological diagnosis of samples (P.Value 0.534), but most typical cases in more than 2 years of smoking.

There was insignificant relation between the frequency of smoking/day and the cytological diagnosis of samples (P.Value 0.190).

Conclusion: The mean age was 24 years. Cytomorphological changes in oral mucosa associated with presence of a typical mucosal cell in the age more than 24years old, and in smoking duration more than two years. There was insignificant relation between the frequency of smoking/day and presence of cytological changes in the samples. PAP stain was more sensitive and specific than H&E stain in the diagnosis of early malignant oral lesions.

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