Molecular Detection of Occult Hepatitis B Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in Khartoum
Keywords:
Occult hepatitis B Virus, HIV, HBV DNA, HBsAg, Anti-HBc.
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health problem. Of the two billion people infected with the virus, more than 296 million are chronic carriers and more than 686,000 die annually from HBV-related complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients in order to establish basic knowledge for future HIV Patient care.
Method: A total number of 88 Serum samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus patient was collected and tested to determine the HBV exposure rate and the presence of HBsAg and detection of Occult Hepatitis B Virus .
Results: in This study , the mean age of them was 35.98 years, 64.7% (n= 57) were male and 35.3% (n= 31) were female, the exposure rate of HBV was 39.7%,and we found high rate of exposure in male (63%) and We found the high rate of exposure in age group (25-35 years) ( 45.7%) and The prevalence of HBsAg in study population was 6.82% we found high prevalence rate in female (66.7%) and high prevalence rate in age group (25 – 35years) (66.7%) in the other hand the prevalence of OHB was 2.4% and We found high rate in male 100% and we found similar distribution to infection in just two age group; group (25-35)years(50%) and age group (less than 15 years) (50%) .
Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for continued fully screening and education about Occult HBV infection and strategies that ensure future HIV Patient care.
References
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22. Yousif M, Mudawi H, Hussein W, Mukhtar M, Nemeri O, Glebe D,(2014).Genotyping and virological characteristics of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected individuals in Sudan. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:125–32.doi:10.1016/j.ijid..07.002.
23. George Gachara , Tshifhiwa Magoro, Lufuno Mavhandu, Emmaculate Lum, Helen K. Kimbi, Roland N. Ndip, and Pascal O. Bessong. (2017). Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patientsin Cameroon. AIDS Research and Therapy, Gachara et al. AIDS Res Ther14:11 DOI 10.1186/s12981-017-0136-0.
24. Saha D, Pal A, Sarkar N, Das D, Blackard JT, Guha SK, Saha B, Runu Chakravarty. (2017). Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive patients at a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0179035.
https://doi.org /10.1371/journal. pone.0179035.
25. Salpini R, Forkam J, Ceccareilli L, Santoro MM, Nanfack A, Sosso SM, (2016).High burden of HBV-infection and atypical HBV strains among HIV infected Cameroonians. Curr HIV Res.;14(2):165–71.
26. Cohen Stuart JW, Velema M, Schuurman R, Boucher CA, Hoepelman AI. (2009). Occult hepatitis B in persons infected with HIV is associated with low CD4 counts and resolves during antiretroviral therapy. J Med Virol. ;81(3):441–5.doi:10.1002/jmv.21422.
27. Chemin I, Trepo C.(2005).Clinical impact of occult HBV infections. J Clin Virol. ;34(Suppl 1):S15–21.doi:10.1016/S1386-6532(05)80005-8.
28. Gupta S, Singh S. (2010). Occult hepatitis B virus infection in ART-naive HIVinfected patients seen at a tertiary care centre in north India. BMC Infect Dis.;10:53. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-53.
2.WHO.HepatitisBfactsheet.(2021).https://www.who.int/news-room/fact sheets /de tail / hepatitis-b. Accessed 27 July 2021.
3. Lancet.(2013).Global regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis.for the global burden of disease study.
4. Diop-Ndiaye H, Toure-Kane C, Etard JF, Lo G, Diaw P, Ngom-Gueye NF.(2008).
5. Vallet-Pichard A, Pol S.(2005). Natural history and predictors of severity of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. J Hepatol .;44 (1Suppl) : S28–34 .doi:10.1016 / j. j hep .2005.11.008.
6. TrepoC,Chan HL, Lok A.(2014).Hepatitis B virus infection Lancet ;384(9959):2053–63. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8.1-6- camron.
7. Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Squadrito G.(2007). Occult hepatitis B Virus infection .J Hepatol; 46:160–170. https: //doi.org/ 10.1016 /j.jhep .2006 .10.007 PMID: 17112622.
8. Witt MD, Lewis R J, Rieg G,Seaberg EC, Rinaldo CR, Thio CL.(2013). Predictors of the isolated hepatitis B core antibody pattern in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Clin Infect Dis; 56:606612.h ttps://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis908PMID:2309092 7.7–9 ethoipia.14(3):120–6.
9. Coffin C, Mulrooney-Cousins P, Osiowy C, van der Meer F, Nishikawa S,Michalak T.(2014). Virological characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus in a NorthAmerican cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positivepatients on dual active anti-HBV/HIV therapy. J Clin Virol. 60:347–353 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jcv. 2014.04.021 PMID: 24881491
10. Lar PM, Pam VK, Christopher PB, Gwamzhi L, Mawak JD.(2013). Prevalence and immune status of HIV/HBV co-infected pregnant women. Afr J Clin Exper Microbiol.; Hepatitis B, C seroprevalence and delta viruses in HIV-1 Senegalese patients at HAART initiation (retrospective study). J Med Virol.;80(8):1332–6. doi:10.1002/jmv.21236. PMID: 18171303.
11. Lemoine M, Eholie´ S, Lacombe K . (2015). Reducing the neglected burden of viral hepatitis in Africa: Strategies for a global approach. J Hepatol.;62(2):469–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jhep.2014.10.008 PMID: 25457207.
12. Zhou S, Zhao Y, He Y, Li H, Bulterys M, Sun X, (2010). Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence in children receiving antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in China, 2005–2009. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.;54(2):191–6.https: //doi. org/ 10.1097 /QAI.0b01 3e3181c9 9226 PMID: 20032784.
13. Thio CL.(2009).Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection.Hepat Med Evid and Research.; 49(S5):138–45.
14. Telatela SP, Matee MI, Munubhi EK.(2007). Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infections among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending the paediatric HIV care and treatment centreat Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health.; 7(1):338.
15. Rouet F, Chaix ML, Inwoley A, Anaky MF, Fassinou P, Kpozehouen A,.(2008). Frequent occurrence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among West African HIV type-1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis.; 46(3):361–6. https://doi.org/10.1086/525531PMID: 18171303.
16. Muhammad Nasir Riaz, Muhammad Faheem, Muhammad Ayaz Anwar, Ummar Raheel, Yasmeen Badshah, Hashaam Akhtar, Kosar Tamanna, Muhammad Tahir,Najam us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi, and Ishtiaq Qadri.(2016).PCR-Based Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis Virus (HBV and HDV) in HCV Infected Patients and Their Biochemical Study, Journal of Pathogens Volume 2016, Article ID 3219793, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10 .1155 / 2016 /3219793.
17. Shire NJ,Rouster SD, Stanford SD, Blackard JT, Martin CM, Fichtenbaum CJ,.(2007).The prevalence and significance of occult hepatitis B virus in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. ; 44(3):309–14. Doi :10. 1097 /QAI.0b0 13e318 0 2e29a9.Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 40:200 –6.
18. Hatim Mudawi, Waleed Hussein, Maowia Mukhtar , Mukhlid Yousif , Omer Nemeri ,Dieter Glebe, Anna Kramvis (2014).Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection in adult Sudanese HIV patients; International Journal of Infectious Diseases; 29 (2014) 65–70
19. Rui Alberto Roldão de Almeida Pereira, Aparecida Duarte Hg Mussi,Vergínia Correa de Azevedo e Silva and Francisco José Dutra Souto.(2006).Hepatitis B Virus infection in HIV-positive population in Brazil: results of a survey in the state of Mato Grosso and a comparative analysis with other regions of Brazil; BMC Infectious Diseases 2006, 6:34 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-34
20. Saulo Martins, Andréa do Livramento, Michelle Andrigueti, Iara Fabricia Kretzer, Marcos José Machado, Celso Spada, Aricio Treitinger.(2014).The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers and socio-demographic risk factors in HIV-infected patients in Southern Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 47(5):552-558, Sep-Oct, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0109-2014 .
21. Nishi H. PatelID, Vanessa Meier-StephensonID , Meaza Genetu, Debasu DamtieID,Ebba Abate, Shitaye Alemu, Yetework Aleka, Guido Van MarleID, Kevin Fonseca,Carla S. Coffin, Tekalign DeressaID.(2020).Prevalence and genetic variability of occult hepatitis B virus in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient cohort in Gondar, Ethiopia PLoS ONE 15(11):e0242577.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0 242577.
22. Yousif M, Mudawi H, Hussein W, Mukhtar M, Nemeri O, Glebe D,(2014).Genotyping and virological characteristics of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected individuals in Sudan. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:125–32.doi:10.1016/j.ijid..07.002.
23. George Gachara , Tshifhiwa Magoro, Lufuno Mavhandu, Emmaculate Lum, Helen K. Kimbi, Roland N. Ndip, and Pascal O. Bessong. (2017). Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patientsin Cameroon. AIDS Research and Therapy, Gachara et al. AIDS Res Ther14:11 DOI 10.1186/s12981-017-0136-0.
24. Saha D, Pal A, Sarkar N, Das D, Blackard JT, Guha SK, Saha B, Runu Chakravarty. (2017). Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive patients at a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0179035.
https://doi.org /10.1371/journal. pone.0179035.
25. Salpini R, Forkam J, Ceccareilli L, Santoro MM, Nanfack A, Sosso SM, (2016).High burden of HBV-infection and atypical HBV strains among HIV infected Cameroonians. Curr HIV Res.;14(2):165–71.
26. Cohen Stuart JW, Velema M, Schuurman R, Boucher CA, Hoepelman AI. (2009). Occult hepatitis B in persons infected with HIV is associated with low CD4 counts and resolves during antiretroviral therapy. J Med Virol. ;81(3):441–5.doi:10.1002/jmv.21422.
27. Chemin I, Trepo C.(2005).Clinical impact of occult HBV infections. J Clin Virol. ;34(Suppl 1):S15–21.doi:10.1016/S1386-6532(05)80005-8.
28. Gupta S, Singh S. (2010). Occult hepatitis B virus infection in ART-naive HIVinfected patients seen at a tertiary care centre in north India. BMC Infect Dis.;10:53. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-53.
Published
2024-10-26
Section
Articles
