Pattern Susceptibility of Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Khartoum State

Abstract

Diabetes constitutes a global emergency with case numbers increasing exponentially every year. Diabetic Foot Ulcers, DFUs, are one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus, DM, and are a significant risk factor for lower extremity amputation. 

 This study is a cross sectional study was performed in Khartoum state for isolation and characterization of aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial pattern among diabetic patients with foot ulcers.  Wound swabs were collected from 50 patients and were cultured and bacterial isolates were identified using standard methods including Gram stain and biochemical test according to Feltham, Cowan and Steel methods. Then Chromogen agar was used as a confirmation for identification. Antibiotic susceptibility Testing was conducted on bacterial isolates.  The antimicrobial susceptibility Testing was performed using the agar diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer.  

A total of 70 bacteria were isolated from 50 clinical samples, which revealed 47, [94%] growth and 3 [6%] no growth, among all isolates, 8 [11.4%] were Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus 6 [9%], Staphylococcus saprophyticus 1[1%], Enterococcus fecalis 1[1%]. While Gram-negative bacteria constituted 62 [88.6%] of all the isolates, including Proteus spp 25 [40.3%], Pseudomonas spp 15[24.2%], Klebseilla spp 8 [12.9%], E. coli 6 [9.7%], Citrobacter spp 6 [12.7 %] and Serratia spp 2 [3.2%].  The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed 100% resistance to Oxacillin, 56%. Ampicillin/Cloxacillin, 57%, Ampicillin, 54%, Cefixime, 54%, Cephalexin, 35.2 %, Gentamicin, 26%, Ampicillin, 18.3% Doxycycline hydrochloride, 18.3%, Carbenicillin, 14%,  Doxycyclin, 12.7%, Piperacillin, 7%,  Meropenen and 5.6% to Erythromycin.