About the Journal

Scope

The Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal, publishing high-quality original research on healthcare challenges, developments in clinical medicine specialties, nursing, and basic medical sciences. The journal prioritizes work relating to Sudan and the wider African region, though relevant research from other regions is also accepted.

Aim

Our goal is to disseminate new research and facilitate discussions around clinical care and the challenges faced by health care workers in the region. In addition, we aim to translate clinical data and basic science into practice for patients and public health bodies, making a valuable contribution to the broader academic and medical communities.

SJMS is published on a quarterly basis and accepts the following article types: original research articles, review articles, clinical trials, case reports and case series, letters to the Editor, editorials, short communications and commentaries, book reviews, conference reports and state-of-the-field reviews. The journal also publishes educational items providing guidance to researchers and medical practitioners on publishing best practices, to help support continuous professional development.

Statement about owner 

SJMS is the official publication of  Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS, https://medicine.oiu.edu.sd) at Omdurman Islamic University (OIU, https://oiu.edu.sd/site/page/21443 ), Sudan. The journal is published every three months on a regular bases since Septeber 2006.  The FMHS, OIU covers the article processing charges (APCs) for authors looking to publish their research in the journal.

Ethics

At KnE Publishing, we aim to ensure everything we publish is ethically sound and complies with the policies and principles set out by:

• Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
• Council of Science Editors(CSE)
• European Association of Science Editors(EASE)  
• International Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE)
• World Association of Medical Editors(WAME)

 

We ask that all our authors comply with the following standards:

• Any manuscript submitted is an original piece of work which has not been published anywhere else in a current or similar form. If a substantial portion of the manuscript has been published elsewhere then that journal editor needs to provide permission for its re-use and this must be acknowledged in the new work and declared to the journal editor on submission. Note that all manuscripts submitted to our journals are subjected to a Crossref Similarity Checkto identify potential plagiarism or copyright infringement issues.  
• Any manuscript submitted must not be currently under consideration with any other journal or publisher.
• All conflicts of interest must be declared upon submission.
• In submitting your work for consideration, you are offering a personal guarantee that the work does not infringe on any existing copyright.

 

Human and animal research

Any research that involves humans must adhere to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. All research participants should be informed about the aims of the study and any possible negative effects of the intervention, and written informed consent must be obtained from all participants.

 

Research involving animals must adhere to the National Institutes of Health guidance for the care and use of laboratory animals.

 

Approval for research involving humans or animals must be obtained from an institutional or local review board.

 

This information, the name of the review board, and approval numbers / codes should be stated in the manuscript.

 

Ethical considerations must be clearly addressed in the methods section.

 

The Journal reserves the right to request the related documents.

 

 

Long-Term archiving

To preserve the scholarly literature published in electronic form and to ensure that these materials remain available to future generations of scholars and researchers, KnE Publishing content is archived in Portico, a not-for-profit organization with a mission and singular focus to provide a permanent archive of electronic scholarly content.

 

Portico representative offices are located in New York, New Jersey, and Michigan.

 

Article processing charges and fees

This journal is a diamond  Open Access journal. This means the journal is published Open Access and if your article is accepted for publication you will not have to pay an article processing charge (APC)-publication is free of costs. 

The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) at Omdurman Islamic University (OIU), Sudan, covers the article processing charges (APCs) for authors looking to publish their research in the journal. However, a fee shall be payable for hard copies when requested.

 

Copyright and Open Access policies

This is an Open Access journal. All published articles are freely available on the journal website without any charge. 

 

All of the articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), where authors retain the copyright of their work, and this license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

To provide proper attribution when citing articles in this journal, please include:

• Author names
• Full article title
• Journal title
• Publication year
• Volume and issue numbers
• Pagination 

 

 

Clinical trials

According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), a clinical trial is “any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes”.

 

Authors of clinical trials are required to prospectively register their trial with one of the trial registries recognised by the ICMJE or World Health Organization.

 

The registration number of the trial and the name of the trial registry must be mentioned in the manuscript.

 

Plagiarism

All manuscripts submitted to our journals are screened for plagiarism using the Crossref Similarity Check powered by iThenticate.

 

Conflicts of interest

All conflicts of interest (including financial, personal, academic and/or ideological) must be declared upon submission.

 

It should be noted that editors and reviewers are likewise responsible for disclosing any conflicts of interest.

 

Retraction policy

This journal adheres to the Guidelines for retracting articles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

 

A retraction may be considered in cases such as:

• A major unintentional error (miscalculation or experimental error) which invalidates the findings or conclusions of the authors
• Fabricated or falsified data, or other misconduct
• Figure or image manipulation
• Plagiarism
• Copyright infringement
• Redundant publication: publication of the findings elsewhere without proper attribution or permission
• Use of unethical research practices in conducting the study
• Identification of a major competing interest which was not disclosed and is thought to have potentially influenced the results or their interpretation

 

Grievance procedure

SJMS draws from the guidelines presented by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to manage complaints and disputes. Should they arise, complaints and/or disputes may be directed to publishing@knowledgee.com.

 

Privacy statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used for the stated purposes of this journal.

 

Upon publishing, all authors will be automatically registered for content alerts from the publication. To stop receiving the alerts, authors can subsequently unsubscribe through the link provided in the email.

 

These email addresses will not be made available to any other party.

 

Submit a Manuscript

Before submitting your manuscript, make sure you have looked at the Author Guidelines.

 

To submit, click [https://knepublishing.com/index.php/SJMS/about/submissions]. 

 

Upon publishing, all authors will be automatically registered for content alerts from the publication. To stop receiving the alerts, authors can subsequently unsubscribe through the link provided in the email.

Stick to SJMS’s scope

Before you start – is this journal right for you? Please check the journal’s scope, and if you have any questions, contact publishing@knowledgee.com or the editor of this journal at medc.oiu@gmail.com, sjms@knowledgee.com.

 

Author responsibilities

We want to provide you with an easy and professional experience at every stage of your publishing journey.  

 

To help us achieve this goal, you as the author also have some responsibilities. These include:

• Responding quickly to queries during the review and publication process
• Taking responsibility for all aspects of your work, including ensuring copyright is not violated and permissions are obtained, and swiftly resolving any issues relating to the integrity and accuracy of your research should any arise
• Familiarising yourself with our ethical policies for authors and complying with all of our guidelines, including acknowledging everyone who has made a substantial and meaningful contribution to the submitted manuscript.

 

Research and publishing ethics

At KnE Publishing, we aim to ensure everything we publish is ethically sound and complies with the policies and principles set out by the leading authorities in this arena. Please see our Ethics [link] pages for more details.

 

Copyright permissions

Before submitting a manuscript, you must ensure that you have applied for and received written permission to use any third-party materials included in your manuscript that are under copyright.

 

Permissions we require:

• Non-exclusive rights to reproduce the third-party material in the article
• Print and electronic rights
• The right to use the material for the life of the published work (ie. no time restrictions on the permission granted)

 

By submitting an article to use for consideration, you are confirming that you have obtained all the necessary copyright permissions required to publish your article.

 

Open Access

This journal is a diamond  Open Access journal. This mean the journal is published Open Access and if your article is accepted for publication, you will not have to pay an article processing charge (APC). All published articles are freely available on the journal website without any charge.

SJMS Partners

The Sudanese American Medical Association (SAMA) is a key strategic partner of the SJMS. You can find more information about SAMA at Sudanese American Medical Association - (sama-sd.org) 

 

 

Preparing your submission

We offer a full array of manuscript preparation services to help improve the quality of your manuscript, save time, and maximise the impact of your research. Our easy-to-use platform connects authors with relevant experts in language support, translation, editing, statistical review and more. More details are available here.

 

Please note, this is an optional service, and does not guarantee acceptance.

 

Manuscript requirements

Before submitting your manuscript, please read the guidelines below and make sure your work complies with them all.

Author Guidelines

Types of manuscripts and guidelines for its preparation

SJMS publishes original articles, case reports, reviews, letter to the editor, randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, commentaries and short communications, editorials, book reviews, state-of-the-art reviews, and conference reports. All accepted manuscripts are requested to be proofread by the corresponding author. Researchers can submit a manuscript if it falls within the journal's scope.

 

Manuscript Impact

SJMS aims to improve research and healthcare in Sudan, and the surrounding region, therefor, authors are advised to submit relevant manuscripts and explain how they meet that. In addition, the authors should clearly explain the impact of the work and future directions in the manuscripts.

 

Manuscript preparation

The Editorial Policies and General Guidelines for manuscript preparation specified below are based on the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations)” by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2013, archived at http://www.icmje.org/). In addition, the format of SJMS complies with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals," as published by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1979 (the widely accepted "Vancouver style“), as described in the Annals of Internal Medicine (1982,96 [pt 1] 114–29) for guidance. Manuscripts, including tables, references, and figure legends, must be typewritten, double spaced, on 8½  x 11 inch (21.5 x 28 cm) on A4-size paper, with margins of at least one inch (2.5 cm). Times New Roman is the preferred font type with font size 12. Pages should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals throughout the manuscripts, and in good English.

Our preferred file format is DOCX or DOC. A single word file containing all materials in the manuscript, including figures and figure legends, should also be provided. Abbreviations should be avoided as much as possible. When used, the full expression of the abbreviations following the abbreviated word in parentheses should be given at the first use. Standard abbreviations, however, may be used, such as DNA. Abbreviation can be used if it is listed as a MeSH subject heading. Authors should conform to the most recent edition of the American Medical Association Manual of Style.

 

The sequence of the files should be as follows 

cover letter (a must), a separate title page file, manuscript (abstract and keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusion, declaration section, references, tables and figures, and other submission elements). Each section title should begin on a new page. Ethical approval, clearance, or consent of publication should be uploaded in studies involving humans or animals.

 

Cover letter

The covering letter must be addressed to the Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS), demonstrating that the submitted work is original, influential, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The cover letter should include (1) statements about manuscript type, (2) single-journal submission affirmation, (3) conflict of interest statement, (4) sources of outside funding, (5) equipment (if applicable), and (6) approval of language for articles in English and approval of statistical analysis for original research articles.

 

Title page

The title page must contain

(1) the title of the article, (2) the correct names, official academic and/or clinical titles, and email address of each author and the name and address of the institution(s), (3) the name and address of the author to whom correspondence should be sent and his phone number, (4) any disclaimers (an example of a disclaimer is an author's statement that the views expressed in the submitted article are their own and not an official position of the institution or funder), (5) the clinical trial registration number, if applicable, and finally, (6) Each author's contributions should be stated as follows: (a) study concept and design or acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (c) final approval of the version to be published, and (d) agreement to be Accountable for the Accuracy and Integrity of all aspects of the work.

 

Abstract: 

An abstract of no more than 250 words should be submitted. It should be structured into the following four subsections: Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.

 

Keywords 5–10 keywords may be provided.

 

Introduction

A background relevant to the manuscript topic is stated with proper citation of the resources.

 

Materials and Methods

The authors should appropriately describe the study's objective and hypothesis in the methodology section. According to the study's objective, the primary/secondary endpoints are predetermined sensibly.

 

 

 

Results

In the results sections, describe the statistical tests used in the study in detail so that the readers can get the same results if the original data are available. The name and version of the statistical package should be provided, and the characteristics of measured variables should determine the use of a parametric or nonparametric statistical method. The normality of data should be examined to analyse a continuous variable. The "P" value, defined as the limit of significance and appropriate measurement error and uncertainty (confidence interval, etc.), should be specified. Statistical terminology (random, significant, correlation, etc.) should not be used in non-statistical contexts. Designate the name and result of the method to test normality. When analysing a categorical variable, if the number of events and samples is small, the exact test or asymptotic procedure with appropriate adjustments should be used. The standard Chi-squared test or difference-in-proportions test may be performed when the sample size and the number of events are sufficiently large. A prior sample size calculation should be described in detail. The sample size calculation must prevent false-negative results about the primary instead of the secondary endpoint. Usually, the mean difference and standard deviation (SD) are typical parameters in estimating the effect size. The power must be equal to or greater than 80 per cent. In the case of multiple comparisons, and adjusted level of significance is acceptable.

 

Discussion

The conclusion can be included in the discussion section. The study impact should be mentioned. The study limitations should be stated.

Declaration section

This section includes the following:

• Acknowledgements

Contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors but should be acknowledged under this section.

• Ethical considerations

For human or animal research, the consent to participate or publication in case reports should be taken. Besides, the approval of the Ethical Committee should also be obtained.

• Competing interests

All conflicts of interest (including financial, personal, academic and/or ideological) must be declared upon submission. It should be noted that editors and reviewers are likewise responsible for disclosing any conflicts of interest.

• Availability of data and material.
•  
• Abbreviations and Symbols

It is recommended to use only standard abbreviations; nonstandard abbreviations can confuse readers. Avoid abbreviations in the title of the manuscript. The spelt-out abbreviation followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis should be used on the first mention unless the abbreviation is a standard unit of measurement.

 

References:

References are to be listed, double-spaced, in consecutive numerical order according to the order of citation in the manuscript. Once a reference is cited, all subsequent citations should be to the original number. All references must be cited in the text or tables and appear as numbers between two square brackets. Unpublished data and personal communications will not be accepted as references. References (Vancouver style) to journal articles should follow this order: (1) authors, (2) title, (3) journal name (as abbreviated in Index Medicus), (4) year of publication, (5) volume and issue number, and (6) inclusive page numbers. References to books should include (1) authors, (2) chapter title (if any), (3) editor's names (if any), (4) title of the book, (5) city of publication, (6) publisher name, and (7) year of publication. Volume and edition numbers and specific page numbers should be included when appropriate. The authors are responsible for the correct textual citation. The use of citation managers is encouraged.

 

Tables:

Each table should be typed double-spaced, including all headings. Verify tabular statistics to make sure they match the data cited in the text. Tables should be placed after the Results section. Tables capture information concisely and display it efficiently; they also provide information at any desired level of detail and precision. Including data in tables rather than text frequently makes it possible to reduce the length of the text. Number tables consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a title for each. Titles in tables should be short but self-explanatory, containing information that allows readers to understand the table's content without going back to the text. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. Give each column a short or an abbreviated heading. Authors should place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the header. Explain all nonstandard abbreviations in footnotes and use symbols to explain information if needed. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge that source fully. Additional tables containing backup data too extensive to publish in print may be appropriate for publication in the electronic version of the journal, deposited with an archival service, or made available to readers directly by the authors. A relevant statement should be added to the text to inform readers that this additional information is available and where it is located.

 

Figures

The captions for the figures must be typed, double-spaced, and must not appear on the figures. High-resolution photographic image files should be provided for X-ray films, scans, other diagnostic images, and pictures of pathology specimens or photomicrographs. Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background. Explain the internal scale and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order cited in the text. The legends for illustrations should be on a separate page in the manuscript, with Arabic numerals corresponding to the images. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend and send it in separate files.

 

Details about types of manuscript and guidelines

 

Original research article

Research articles should report on original primary research. SJMS encourages that all datasets on which the paper's conclusions rely should be available to readers. We encourage authors to ensure that their datasets are presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files.

STARD checklist for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies should be followed (Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, et al., for the STARD Group. Towards complete and accurate reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies: the STARD initiative. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:40-4.) (http://www.stard-statement.org/ ); STROBE statement, a checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies is recommended (http://www.strobe-statement.org/)

 

Case report

Please ensure that all patient data have been de-identified and that necessary approval has been obtained, if necessary, from an ethics commission or an institutional review board. These guidelines are based on the CARE guidance.

 

Letter to the Editor

The Letters to the Editor should be short commentaries related to current developments in the medical field and their scientific and social aspects. They may be submitted to ask questions or offer further contributions in response to work published in the journal. Letters do not include a title or an abstract; they should not exceed 1,000 words and can have up to 5 references. The references in the letters should not exceed 15 words, figures, not more than two, and tables should not exceed two. The subdivisions of sections are encouraged to help orient the reader but should be general, such as “The Study” and “Conclusions.” Letters to the editor are generally updates on recent infectious disease trends and research but may also respond to recent articles published in SJMS.

 

Systematic review

Systematic reviews, as the name implies, typically involve a detailed and comprehensive plan and search strategy derived a priori, intending to reduce bias by identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a particular topic. Systematic Reviews should address a specific question or issue relevant to clinical practice and provide an evidence-based, balanced, patient-oriented review on a focused topic. PRISMA statement of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be followed (Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6(7): e1000097.) (http://www.prisma-statement.org/ ).

You can check MOOSE guidelines for meta-analysis and systematic reviews of observational studies (Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting Meta-analysis of observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283: 2008-12).

 

Clinical Trials

According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), a clinical trial is “any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes”. Authors of clinical trials are required to prospectively register their trial with one of the trial registries recognised by the ICMJE or World Health Organization. The registration number of the trial and the name of the trial registry must be mentioned in the manuscript.

CONSORT statement for randomized controlled trials should be insured (Moher D, Schultz KF, Altman D, for the CONSORT Group. The CONSORT statement revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA 2001; 285: 1987-91) (http://www.consort-statement.org/ )

 

Commentaries or Short-Communications

This section contains Commentaries that accompany papers published in SJMS or on issues of wide-reaching concern in the medical sciences or clinical care. Short communications linked to policy decisions or challenges faced by health care workers in the region are welcomed. Most Commentariess and short communications are commissioned, but unsolicited ones (no more than 750 words, ten references, and one figure, panel, or small table) are also welcome. Comments may be peer reviewed.

 

Book Reviews

Book reviews typically evaluate recently-written works. The reader should gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the book, aided by input from the reviewer. The four stages of writing a book review are: introducing the book, outlining its contents, highlighting parts of the book by selecting particular chapters or themes, and giving a detailed evaluation. When writing a short summary of the book, assume that your audience has not read it and address the book's main topics and ideas and explain why they matter.

Book reviews are usually 600 to 2,000 words in length. It is best to aim for about 1,000 words, as you can say a fair amount in 1,000 words without getting bogged down.

 

State-of-the-field reviews

State-of-the-field reviews should provide both a comprehensive summary and also address the future challenges which the field faces. They are expected to critically assess the extant research, put forward stimulating new research questions, and develop specific proposals for advancing any field of the medical sciences. It is best to aim for about 1,000 words.

 

Conference Reports

A Scientific Meeting/Conference Report is a critical analysis based on the several presented research in an annual meeting of a scientific society or reputable national/international conference. 1000 words is the best.

 

Please download and use the journal manuscript templates for Original Article, Case Report, and Review Article for submitting your manuscript to the journal.

Please download and submit the copyright of the manuscript, and checklist.

 

• Author details: name, email, affiliation, ORCID iD (for ALL authors involved)
  • Your unique ORCID iD will be embedded in your published article linking it to the ORCiD registry, so that readers can identify you. If you don’t have an ORCID iD yet, register herefor free to create one -- it only takes a few moments.
• Research funding: Your article must list all sources of external research funding and describe the involvement of the financial sponsor or funder in the research process. [This information can be included in the acknowledgements section or as a separate research funding section at the end of the paper.]

 

Submission checklist

Submitting your manuscript is simple with our online submission system. But to make sure the process is as easy as possible, read through the below checklist to ensure you have everything you need ready.

 

• Always double check your manuscript before submitting it, as it is your responsibility to ensure that it is complete and meets the journal’s criteria, and has no spelling or typographical errors.
• Have a final read of the journal’s scope and aims and make sure your article is a good fit and that your research is presented in a suitable way to match the scope.
• Does the manuscript comply with all of the stated ethics policies?
• Have you acquired all the necessary copyright permissions?
• Make sure you have removed all information that would allow the peer reviewers to identify you and thereby compromise the blind peer review process. (Also, if quoting your previous work do not state it explicitly as ‘my / our’)
• Keep acknowledgements and author biographies as separate documents.

 

 

Submission process

Manuscripts should be submitted via our submission system [https://knepublishing.com/index.php/SJMS/about/submissions] by the corresponding author.

 

You will be asked to create a personal account. Please remember to note down your username and password as you will need these to check on the status of your manuscript and to respond to editorial enquiries.

 

Workflow and what happens next

 

• Author receives an automated email noting receipt of submission
• The editor reads and decides whether to send the manuscript to peer review or to reject it if it is not a fit with the journal aims and scope or the quality is not high enough for the journal
• If the editor thinks it is suitable for publication, the manuscript is sent to two independent reviewers for [double blind] peer review
• The reviewer reports are returned to the editor
• The editor decides whether to reject, return with minor or major suggestions for improvements and resubmission, or accept
• If the editor decides that improvements are needed, the paper is sent back to the authors
• The authors make the suggested corrections
• Authors will receive a decision within about [fur weeks]. If you have not received an answer after this point, please email publishing@knowledgee.comor the EDitor at oiu@gmail.com, sjms@knowledgee.com to request an update.

 

If accepted, the manuscript will then undergo the following steps:

• Proofing and typesetting
• Author checks
• Editor checks
• Galley proof preparation
• Final checks
• Publishing online

Editorial process

• SJMSoperates a double blind peer review model., in which neither the author nor the reviewer knows each one. For this reason, we do not reveal information regarding reviewers.
• Changing the authors' names and adding or deleting them is the corresponding author's responsibility in agreement with the editorial office.
• All articles submitted to the journal undergo an initial assessment by the journal editor or a member of the editorial board. If considered suitable for peer review, articles will then be assessed by two reviewers to evaluate their suitability for publication.
• If each of the reviewer did not respond within two weeks, a reminder is sent to him. If he did not respond, another reviewer will be assigned.
• Upon publishing, all authors will be automatically registered for content alerts from the publication. To stop receiving the alerts, authors can subsequently unsubscribe through the link provided in the email.

 

How to share and promote your paper

This journal is listed with a range of indexes and bibliometric databases. We also promote published papers through social media and content alert emails.

 

KnE Publishing also partners with Kudos, a free service we offer all our authors to help them increase the accessibility and visibility of their work, to reach a wider audience. More details can be found here.

Become a Reviewer

If you are interested in reviewing manuscripts for SJMS, the Editorial Board would like to invite your participation. Manuscript reviewers are vital to the publications process and as a reviewer, you would gain valuable experience.

If you are interested in reviewing manuscripts, please write to publishing@knowledgee.com and the Editor in Cheif Nazik Elmalaika at medc.oiu@gmail.com, sjms@knowledgee.com.