Detection of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen in Lactating, Pregnant, and Advanced Breast Cancer Sudanese Women.
Keywords:
Prostate-specific antigen,, Total PSA, Breast cancer, Sudanese women
Abstract
Introduction: Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most valuable tumor marker for the
diagnosis and management of prostate carcinoma, it is widely accepted that PSA is not prostate
specific.
References
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2. Armbruster DA. Prostate-specific antigen:biochemistry, analytical methods and clinicalapplication. Clin Chem 1993; 39:181-95.
3. Black MH, Diamandis EP. The diagnostic andprognostic utility of prostate-specific antigen fordiseases of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000;59(1):1-14.
4. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Levesque M et al. Prostatespecific antigen in breast cancer, benign breast diseaseand normal breast tissue. Breast Cancer Res Treat1996; 40: 171-178.
5. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Monne M et al. Oralcontraceptive induced expression of prostate-specificantigen in the female breast. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:6615-6618.
6. Diamandis EP, Yu H, Sutherland DJA. Detection ofprostate specific antigen immunoreactivity in breasttumours. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32: 301-310.
7. Alanen KA, Kuopio T, Koskinen PJ et al.Immunohistochemical labeling for prostate-specificantigen in non-prostatic tissues. Path Res Pract 1996;192: 233-237.
8. Filella X, Molina R, Alcover J et al. Prostatespecificantigen detection by ultrasensitive assay insamples from women. Prostate 1996; 29: 311-316.
9. Howarth DJC, Aronson IB, Diamandis EP.Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specificantigen in benign and malignant breast tissues. Br JCancer 1997; 75: 1646-1651.
10. Sauter ER, Babb J, Daly M et al. Prostate-specificantigen production in the female breast: associationwith progesterone. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1998; 7: 315-320.
11. Mannello F, Miragoli G, Bianchi G et al. Prostatespecific antigen in ascitic fluid. Clin Chem 1997; 43:1461-1462.
12. Filella X, Molina R, Alcover J et al. Detection ofnonprostatic PSA in serum and non-serum samplesfrom women. Int J Cancer 1996; 68: 424-427.
13. Borchert GH, Yu H, Tomlinson G et al. Prostatespecificantigen molecular forms in breast cyst fluidand serum of women with fibrocystic breast disease. JClin Lab Anal 1999; 13: 75-81.
14. Clements JA, Mukhtar A. Glandular kallikreins andprostate specific antigen are expressed in the humanendometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78:1536-1539.
15. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Levesque M et al.Expression of the prostate-specific antigen gene by aprimary ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1995; 55:1603-1606.
16. Yu H, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigenreactivity in amniotic fluid. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 204-210.
17. Melegos DN, Yu H, Allen LC et al. Prostatespecific antigen in amniotic fluid of normal andabnormal pregnancies. Clin Chem 1996; 29: 555–562.
18. Malatesta M, Mannello F, Luchetti F et al.Prostate-specific antigen synthesis and secretion byhuman placenta: a physiological kallikrein sourceduring pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(1): 317-21.
19. Melegos DN and Diamandis EP. Is prostatespecificantigen present in female serum? Clin Chem1998; 44: 691-692.
20. Fatima A, Elimam M, Khalid E et al. The utility offree and total prostate specific antigen and prostaticacid phosphatase as tumor markers in Sudanesepatients with prostate enlargement. Journal of the ArabBoard of Medical Specialization 2005; 7(3): 255-59.
21. Giai M, Yu H, Roagna R et al. Prostate-specificantigen in serum of women with breast cancer. Br JCancer 1995; 72: 728-731.
22. Yu H, Giai M, Diamandis EP et al. Prostatespecificantigen is a new favorable prognostic indicatorfor women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 1995; 55:2104-2110.
23. Borchert GH, Melegos DN, Tomlinson G et al.Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen in theserum of women with benign and malignant breastdiseases. Br J Cancer 1997; 76: 1087-1094.
24. Melegos DN and Diamandis EP. Diagnostic valueof molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen forfemale breast cancer. Clin Biochem 1996; 29: 193-200.
25. Yu H, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigen inmilk of lactating women. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 54-58.
26. Diamandis EP, Yu H, Sutherland DJA. Detectionof prostate specific antigen inununoreactivity in breasttumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32:291-300.
27. Yu D, Diamandis EP, Sutherland DJA.Immunoreactive prostate specific antigen levels infemale and male breast tumors and its association withsteroid hormone receptors and patient age. ClinBiochem1994; 27:75-9.
28. Romppanen J, Keskikuru R, Kataja V, et al.Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detectionof benign or malignant breast disease in women. Br JCancer 1999; 79: 1583-87.
29. Radowicki S, Kunicki M, Bandurska-StankiewiczE. Prostate-specific antigen in the serum of womenwith benign breast cancer. Eur J Obst Gyn Repr Biol2008; 138: 212-216.
30. Michael K, Pamela D, Ira J. Immunohistochemicalanalysis of prostate specific antigen in breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 68: 111-116.
2. Armbruster DA. Prostate-specific antigen:biochemistry, analytical methods and clinicalapplication. Clin Chem 1993; 39:181-95.
3. Black MH, Diamandis EP. The diagnostic andprognostic utility of prostate-specific antigen fordiseases of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000;59(1):1-14.
4. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Levesque M et al. Prostatespecific antigen in breast cancer, benign breast diseaseand normal breast tissue. Breast Cancer Res Treat1996; 40: 171-178.
5. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Monne M et al. Oralcontraceptive induced expression of prostate-specificantigen in the female breast. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:6615-6618.
6. Diamandis EP, Yu H, Sutherland DJA. Detection ofprostate specific antigen immunoreactivity in breasttumours. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32: 301-310.
7. Alanen KA, Kuopio T, Koskinen PJ et al.Immunohistochemical labeling for prostate-specificantigen in non-prostatic tissues. Path Res Pract 1996;192: 233-237.
8. Filella X, Molina R, Alcover J et al. Prostatespecificantigen detection by ultrasensitive assay insamples from women. Prostate 1996; 29: 311-316.
9. Howarth DJC, Aronson IB, Diamandis EP.Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specificantigen in benign and malignant breast tissues. Br JCancer 1997; 75: 1646-1651.
10. Sauter ER, Babb J, Daly M et al. Prostate-specificantigen production in the female breast: associationwith progesterone. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1998; 7: 315-320.
11. Mannello F, Miragoli G, Bianchi G et al. Prostatespecific antigen in ascitic fluid. Clin Chem 1997; 43:1461-1462.
12. Filella X, Molina R, Alcover J et al. Detection ofnonprostatic PSA in serum and non-serum samplesfrom women. Int J Cancer 1996; 68: 424-427.
13. Borchert GH, Yu H, Tomlinson G et al. Prostatespecificantigen molecular forms in breast cyst fluidand serum of women with fibrocystic breast disease. JClin Lab Anal 1999; 13: 75-81.
14. Clements JA, Mukhtar A. Glandular kallikreins andprostate specific antigen are expressed in the humanendometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78:1536-1539.
15. Yu H, Diamandis EP, Levesque M et al.Expression of the prostate-specific antigen gene by aprimary ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1995; 55:1603-1606.
16. Yu H, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigenreactivity in amniotic fluid. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 204-210.
17. Melegos DN, Yu H, Allen LC et al. Prostatespecific antigen in amniotic fluid of normal andabnormal pregnancies. Clin Chem 1996; 29: 555–562.
18. Malatesta M, Mannello F, Luchetti F et al.Prostate-specific antigen synthesis and secretion byhuman placenta: a physiological kallikrein sourceduring pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(1): 317-21.
19. Melegos DN and Diamandis EP. Is prostatespecificantigen present in female serum? Clin Chem1998; 44: 691-692.
20. Fatima A, Elimam M, Khalid E et al. The utility offree and total prostate specific antigen and prostaticacid phosphatase as tumor markers in Sudanesepatients with prostate enlargement. Journal of the ArabBoard of Medical Specialization 2005; 7(3): 255-59.
21. Giai M, Yu H, Roagna R et al. Prostate-specificantigen in serum of women with breast cancer. Br JCancer 1995; 72: 728-731.
22. Yu H, Giai M, Diamandis EP et al. Prostatespecificantigen is a new favorable prognostic indicatorfor women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 1995; 55:2104-2110.
23. Borchert GH, Melegos DN, Tomlinson G et al.Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen in theserum of women with benign and malignant breastdiseases. Br J Cancer 1997; 76: 1087-1094.
24. Melegos DN and Diamandis EP. Diagnostic valueof molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen forfemale breast cancer. Clin Biochem 1996; 29: 193-200.
25. Yu H, Diamandis EP. Prostate-specific antigen inmilk of lactating women. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 54-58.
26. Diamandis EP, Yu H, Sutherland DJA. Detectionof prostate specific antigen inununoreactivity in breasttumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 32:291-300.
27. Yu D, Diamandis EP, Sutherland DJA.Immunoreactive prostate specific antigen levels infemale and male breast tumors and its association withsteroid hormone receptors and patient age. ClinBiochem1994; 27:75-9.
28. Romppanen J, Keskikuru R, Kataja V, et al.Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detectionof benign or malignant breast disease in women. Br JCancer 1999; 79: 1583-87.
29. Radowicki S, Kunicki M, Bandurska-StankiewiczE. Prostate-specific antigen in the serum of womenwith benign breast cancer. Eur J Obst Gyn Repr Biol2008; 138: 212-216.
30. Michael K, Pamela D, Ira J. Immunohistochemicalanalysis of prostate specific antigen in breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 68: 111-116.
