Assessment of Plasma Cystatin C among Sudanese Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Mohammed NB; Elabid BH; Ahmed  SM; Sadik IA; Aabid Aalhameed MM

doi:10.52981/sjms.v9i1.1119

Mohammed NB
Elabid BH Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.
Ahmed SM Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadeena Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.
Sadik IA Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory, OIU
Aabid Aalhameed MM Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory, OIU

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52981/sjms.v9i1.1119

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Cystatin C, Glycated Heamoglobin, Sudan

Abstract

Background: Cystatin C is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. It is freely filtered by glomerulus, and does not return to the blood stream or secreted by renal tubules. It has been suggested to be closer to the “ideal” endogenous marker.
Objectives: To assess the plasma levels of cystatin c, creatinine clearance, blood HbA1C% and body mass index among Sudanese with type 2 Diabetes.
Materials and methods: This is a case-control study conducted in diabetic centers in Khartoum state, Sudan, from March 2010 to November 2013. A total of 300 Sudanese patients with type2 diabetes (49% males and 51% females) as a test group, and 150 healthy subjects (48%males and 52%females) as a control group were enrolled in this study. Both groups were matched for gender and age. The plasma levels of Cystatin C, creatinine and blood HbA1c were measured using Nephelometry technique. Creatinine clearance was calculated for each participant. SPSS was used
for analysis of data.
Results: The means of the plasma levels of Cystatin C, HbA1c% and the body mass index (BMI) were significantly raised in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05).There is significant moderate negative correlation between Cystatin C and creatinine clearance (r=0.69,
p=0.015) in the diabetic group, and there is a significant strong positive correlation between the plasma levels of Cystatin C and HbA1c%(r=o.78, p=0.044).
Conclusion: The present data indicates that among Sudanese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, plasma levels of Cystatin C are significantly raised and has a significant strong positive correlation with glycated haemoglobin % and a significant moderate negative correlation with creatinine clearance.

Author Biographies

Mohammed NB

BSc, MSC

Elabid BH, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.

Associate Professor of Pathology

Ahmed SM, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadeena Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.

Assistant Professor

Sadik IA, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory, OIU

Associate Professor

Aabid Aalhameed MM, Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory, OIU

Associate Professor

References

1. A braira C, Colwell J, Nutgall F. Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157 (2): 181-8.
2. Lawrence JM, Contreras R, Chen W, Sacks DA. Trends in the prevalence of preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus among a racially/ethnically diverse population of pregnant women, 1999–2005. Diabetes Care 2008; 31 (5): 899–904.
3. Polisena J, Tran K, Cimon K, Hutton B, McGill S, Palmer K. "Home telehealth for diabetes management: a systematic review and metaanalysis". Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11 (10): 913–30.
4. Ahmed AM,Ahmed N. Diabetes mellitus in Sudan: the size of the problem and the possibilities of efficient care practical Diabetes Int 2001;18(9):324.
5. Abrahamson M, Olafsson I, Palsdottir A. Structure and expression of the human cystatin c gen. Biochem. J 1990; 268: 287-94.
6. Cockroft DW, Gault MH. Perdiction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16:31-34.
7. Newan DJ, Thakkar H, Edwards RG. Serum cystatin c; a replacement for creatinine as a biochemical marker for GFR. Kidney Int 1994;46: S20-S21.
8. Roos TF, Dust J, Teet SE. Diagnostic accuracy of Cystatin C compared to serum creatinine for the estimation of renal dysfunction in adult and children. Clin. Biochem. 2007; 40(5-6): 383-391.
9. Dhamidharka VR, Kwon C. Stevens G. Serum Cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function. Am.J. Kidney Dis. 2002;40(2): 221-226.
10. Simonsen O, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L, Thysell H. Serum concentration of Cystatin c, factorDandb2- microglobulin as measure of glomerular filtration rate. Acta. Med. Scand 1985;218;499-503.
11. Randers E, Kristensen JH, ErlandsenEJ, Danielsen H. Serum cystatin c as marker of the renal function. Scand.J.Clin.LAB.invest 1998;58;585- 92.