Frequency of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Khartoum State, Sudan
Keywords:
MRSA, S, aureus, mecA, Sudan
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged as an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections ranging from mild to severe life-threatening infections. Therefore, a reliable detection of such strains is required for effective treatment.
Objectives: To determine the frequency and the antibiogram of MRSA among different clinical isolates.
Study Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Materials and Methods: Standard bacteriological methods, disk diffusion and PCR were performed to determine the frequency of MRSA among different clinical isolates.
Results: The overall results showed 96/210 (45.7%) of isolates were MRSA mostly
recovered from wounds and blood stream. High percentage was detected in hospitalassociated (HA) strains (64.2%) rather than community (CA) (37.1%) (P-value < 0.001). From the generated Antibiogram, Co-trimoxazole was the most active (80.2%), while Penicillin was the least one (6.2%).
Conclusion: As MRSA strains were mostly isolated from Hospitals, clinicians should be aware of such burden strains. Local frequency investigation of MRSA is recommended for perfect diagnosis and treatment.
References
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[11] Perez, L. R., Dias, C., and d’Azevedo, P. A. (August 2008). Agar dilution and agar screen with cefoxitin and oxacillin: What is known and what is unknown in detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 57, Pt 8, pp. 954–956.
[12] Ender, M., McCallum, N., Adhikari, R., et al. (June 2004). Fitness cost of SCCmec and methicillin resistance levels in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2295–2297.
[13] Katayama, Y., Robinson, D. A., Enright, M. C., et al. (May 2005). Genetic background affects stability of mecA in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 2380–2383.
[14] Yu, F. Y., Liu, C. L., Zhang, X. Q., et al. (March 2008). Soft-tissue pyogenic infection in neonates caused by Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Zhonghua er ke za zhi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 220–223.
[15] Boyle-Vavra, S. and Daum, R. S. (January 2007). Community-acquired methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Laboratory Investigation, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 3–9.
[16] Grundmann, H., Aires-de-Sousa, M., Boyce, J., et al. (September 2, 2006). Emergence and resurgence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a public- health threat. Lancet, vol. 368, no. 9538, pp. 874–885.
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[24] McClure, J. A., Conly, J. M., Lau, V., et al. (March 2006). Novel multiplex PCR assay for detection of the Staphylococcal virulence marker Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and simultaneous discrimination of methicillin-susceptible from -resistant Staphylococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 1141–1144.
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[29] Kejela, T. and Bacha, K. (June 04, 2013). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibilitypattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among primary school children and prisoners in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 12, no. 11.
[30] Rayner C, Munckhof WJ. Antibiotics currently used in the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Internal Medicine Journal. 2005;35(s2):S3-S16.
[31] Brooks, G. F., Butel, J. S., and Morse, S. A. (1998). Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg‘s Medical Microbiology (twenty-first edition). London: Appleton & Lange.
[32] Pai, V., Rao, V. I., and Rao, S. P. (July 2010). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore, South India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 82–84.
[33] Schweizer, M. L., Furuno, J. P., Harris, A. D., et al. (2011). Comparative effectiveness of nafcillin or cefazolin versus vancomycin in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 11, p. 279.
