Effects of Curcumin on Iron Overload in Rats

Abstract

Background: Iron overload, common in patients with hematological disorders, is a key
target in drug development. This study investigated the effects of curcumin on iron
overload in rats.
Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 139.78 ± 11.95 gm (Mean ± SD) were divided
into three equal groups: (i) controls; (ii) iron overload group that received six doses of
iron dextran 1000 mg/kg−−1 by intraperitoneal injections (i.p.); and (iii) iron overload
curcumin group that received six doses of curcumin (1000 mg/kg BW by i.p.). In addition
to six doses of iron dextran 1000 mg/kg−−1 by i.p., we studied the effects of curcumin on
liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase
[AST]); antioxidant enzymes (malondialdehyde [MDA], total oxidant status [TOS], total
antioxidant status [TAS]); hematological parameters (hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct],
red blood cells [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], mean corpus volume [MCV], mean
corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]);
and iron parameters (serum iron profile, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity [TIBC],
ferritin, and transferrin saturation [TS%]).
Results: Curcumin caused a significant decrease in the Hct and Hb concentrations in
Group III (P < 0.05). It also significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT (52.45 ± 4.51
vs 89.58 ± 4.65 U/L) and AST (148.03 ± 6.47 vs 265.27 ± 13.02 U/L) at the end of
the study (P < 0.05). The TIBC, transferrin levels, and TS significantly decreased when
the rats were administered curcumin serum iron (P < 0.05). The TAS level significantly
increased in Group III in comparison to Group I (the control group) (P < 0.05). At the
end of the study, curcumin significantly reduced the serum levels of TOS (12.03 ± 2.8
vs 16.95 ± 5.05 mmol H2O2/L) while the TAS (1.98 ± 0.42 vs 1.06 ± 0.33 mmol Trolox
equiv./L) was increased.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the therapeutic potential of
curcumin against iron overload.