Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Prevention of COVID-19 Among Nursing and Midwifery Students: A cross-sectional Study in Gorgan, Northern Iran
Keywords:
health knowledge, attitudes, practice, COVID-19, students, nursing, Iran
Abstract
Background: Healthcare providers are high-risk groups for the novel coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) infection. Nursing students are an essential part of high-risk
healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude,
and practice of nursing and midwifery students at Golestan University of Medical
Sciences (GOUMS) toward the prevention of COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 nursing and midwifery
students of GOUMS (northeast of IRAN) in 2020. Data were gathered using an
online questionnaire comprising three parts – Knowledge (8 questions), Attitude (10
questions), and Practice (8 questions) toward the prevention of COVID-19. The range
of scores in each subscale (knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices) were 8–24,
10–50, and 8–24, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v.16 software. The
Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for the analysis.
Results: Overall, in this study, nursing and midwifery students had a good knowledge
(mean score: 23.19 ± 2.56), a positive attitude (mean score: 45.48 ± 4.21), and
appropriate practice (mean score: 23.30 ± 3.51) regarding COVID-19 prevention. Also,
the results revealed a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.1, P
= 0.18) and attitude and practice (r = 0.2, P = 0.01) among the students.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrated a good preventive knowledge, attitude, and
practice toward COVID-19 among nursing and midwifery students.
References
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pilgrims’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during Hajj season. Journal of Infection and
Chemotherapy, 23(5), 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2017.01.006
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& Brouqui, P. (2013). Hajj pilgrims knowledge about Middle East respiratory
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Putera, A. M., Nugraha, D., Gamalliel, N., & Findyartini, A. (2022). Knowledge
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Budul, A. B., Omer, M., & Getnet, F. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices
regarding COVID-19 among health care workers in public health facilities in Eastern
Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Formative Research, 5(10), e26980.
https://doi.org/10.2196/26980
novel coronavirus disease evolution, transmission, detection, control and prevention.
Viruses, 13(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020202
[2] Emami Zeydi, A., Ghazanfari, M. J., Sanandaj, F. S., Panahi, R., Mortazavi, H.,
Karimifar, K., Karkhah, S., & Osuji, J. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19): A literature review from a nursing perspective. Biomedicine, 11(3), 5–14.
https://doi.org/10.37796/2211-8039.1154
[3] WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. WHO. 2020.
[4] Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi,
W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, F., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, G., Gao, G. F., Tan, W.,
& the China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. (2020). A novel
coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal
of Medicine, 382(8), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
[5] Yaron, J. R., Ambadapadi, S., Zhang, L., Chavan, R. N., Tibbetts, S. A., Keinan, S.,
Varsani, A., Maldonado, J., Kraberger, S., Tafoya, A. M., Bullard, W. L., Kilbourne, J.,
Stern-Harbutte, A., Krajmalnik-Brown, R., Munk, B. H., Koppang, E. O., Lim, E. S.,
& Lucas, A. R. (2020). Immune protection is dependent on the gut microbiome
in a lethal mouse gammaherpesviral infection. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 2371.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59269-9
[6] Walls, A. C., Park, Y. J., Tortorici, M. A., Wall, A., McGuire, A. T., & Veesler, D. (2020)
Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell,
181(2), 281–92.e6.
[7] Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu,
X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B.
(2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,
China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
[8] Mahajan, A., & Hirsch, J. A. (2020). Novel coronavirus: What neuroradiologists as
citizens of the world need to know. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology,
41(4), 552–554. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6526
[9] WHO. (2020). COVID-19: Operational guidance for maintaining essential health
services during an outbreak: Interim guidance, 25 March 2020. WHO.
[10] Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019
(COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International Journal of Antimicrobial
Agents, 55(3), 105924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
[11] Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., & Griffith, B. (2020). COVID19–associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: Imaging features.
Radiology, 296(2), E119–E120. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187
[12] Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Chang, J., Hong, C., Zhou, Y.,
Wang, D., Miao, X., Li, Y., & Hu, B. (2020). Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized
patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurology, 77(6),
683–690. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
[13] Novel, C. P. E. R. E., & the Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response,
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). [The epidemiological
characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in
China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 41(2), 145–151.
[14] Maddah, S. A., & Modanloo, M. (2020). The challenges of keeping psychiatric patients
safe in rehabilitation centers during coronavirus outbreak. Archives of Psychiatric
Nursing, 34(6), 580–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.024
[15] Noé, A., Ribeiro, R. M., Anselmo, R., Maixenchs, M., Sitole, L., Munguambe, K., Blanco,
S., le Souef, P., & García-Basteiro, A. L. (2017). Knowledge, attitudes and practices
regarding tuberculosis care among health workers in Southern Mozambique. BMC
Pulmonary Medicine, 17(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0344-8
[16] Dauda Goni, M., Hasan, H., Naing, N. N., Wan-Arfah, N., Zeiny Deris, Z., Nor Arifin,
W., & Abubakar Baaba, A. (2019). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice
towards prevention of respiratory tract infections among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims
from Malaysia in 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health, 16(22), 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224569
[17] Larson, E. L., Bryan, J. L., Adler, L. M., & Blane, C. (1997). A multifaceted approach to
changing handwashing behavior. American Journal of Infection Control, 25(1), 3–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90046-8
[18] Goni, M. D., Naing, N. N., Hasan, H., Wan-Arfah, N., Deris, Z. Z., Arifin, W. N., Hussin,
T. M. A. R., Abdulrahman, A. S., Baaba, A. A., & Arshad, M. R. (2020). Development
and validation of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for prevention of
respiratory tract infections among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims. BMC Public Health, 20(1),
189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8269-9
[19] Ayed, A., & Zabn, K. (2021). Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 among nursing students: Palestinian perspective. SAGE Open Nursing, 7(7), 23779608211015150.
https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211015150
[20] Quisao, E. Z. S., Tayaba, R. R. R., & Soriano, G. P. (2021). Knowledge,
attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among student nurses in Manila,
Philippines: A cross-sectional study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(3), 203–209.
https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1405
[21] Le An, P., Huynh, G., Nguyen, H. T. N., Pham, B. D. U., Nguyen, T. V., Tran, T. T. T.,
& Tran, T. D. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among
healthcare students in Vietnam. Infection and Drug Resistance, 14, 3405–3413.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S328677
[22] Sahin, M. K., Aker, S., & Kaynar Tuncel, E. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes
and practices concerning Middle East respiratory syndrome among Umrah
and Hajj pilgrims in Samsun, Turkey, 2015. Eurosurveillance, 20(38), 30023.
https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.38.30023
[23] Sridhar, S., Belhouchat, K., Drali, T., Benkouiten, S., Parola, P., Brouqui, P., &
Gautret, P. (2015). French Hajj pilgrims’ experience with pneumococcal infection and
vaccination: A knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) evaluation. Travel Medicine
and Infectious Disease, 13(3), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.02.002
[24] Gautret, P., Soula, G., Parola, P., & Brouqui, P. (2009). Hajj pilgrims’ knowledge
about acute respiratory infections. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15(11), 1861–1862.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1511.090201
[25] Alhomoud, F., & Alhomoud, F. (2017). “Your health essential for your Hajj”: Muslim
pilgrims’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during Hajj season. Journal of Infection and
Chemotherapy, 23(5), 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2017.01.006
[26] Asaad, A., El-Sokkary, R., Alzamanan, M., & El-Shafei, M. (2020). Knowledge and
attitudes towards Middle East respiratory sydrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among
health care workers in south-western Saudi Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health
Journal, 26(4), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.19.079
[27] Gautret, P., Benkouiten, S., Salaheddine, I., Belhouchat, K., Drali, T., Parola, P.,
& Brouqui, P. (2013). Hajj pilgrims knowledge about Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus, August to September 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18(41), 20604.
https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.41.20604
[28] Glanz, K., & Bishop, D. B. (2010). The role of behavioral science theory in development
and implementation of public health interventions. Annual Review of Public Health,
31, 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604
[29] Adli, I., Widyahening, I. S., Lazarus, G., Phowira, J., Baihaqi, L. A., Ariffandi, B.,
Putera, A. M., Nugraha, D., Gamalliel, N., & Findyartini, A. (2022). Knowledge
attitude, and practice related to the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate
medical students in Indonesia: A nationwide cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 17(1),
e0262827. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262827
[30] Farah, A. M., Nour, T. Y., Obsiye, M., Aden, M. A., Ali, O. M., Hussein, M. A.,
Budul, A. B., Omer, M., & Getnet, F. (2021). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices
regarding COVID-19 among health care workers in public health facilities in Eastern
Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Formative Research, 5(10), e26980.
https://doi.org/10.2196/26980
Published
2022-10-03
Section
Review article
