Clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease among Sudanese patients
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor system. It is a
chronic progressive disorder leading to long standing disability.
Objective: To study the clinical presentation of PD among Sudanese patients seen at Elshaab
Teaching Hospital during the period from May2004-April 2008.
Methodology: In this descriptive prospective, cross sectional hospital based study, 94 patients were
studied using standardized questionnaire including history and clinical examination.
Result: The total number diagnosed to have PD was 94 patients. Male to female ratio was found to
be1.5:1.Common age group affected was 70-80 years (24.47%).The common presenting symptom
was found to be poverty of movement (93.6%) followed by tremor (82.98%). On neurological
examination; rigidity, dyskinesia and festinate gait were the common signs. Primitive reflexes were
found in significant number of patients. Idiopathic PD was found to be the common type (75.53%).
Of the side effects of benzhexol, 66.67% of our patients developed dry mouth. Postural hypotension
was seen in 10.42% of the patients who were taking levodopa.
Conclusion: The clinical presentations of our patients does not differ from what was mentioned in
the literature
References
- Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817. (Reproduced). J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 14 (2): 223-36.
- Zanettini R, Antonini A, Gatto G et al. Valvular heart disease and the use of dopamine agonists for Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(1):39-46.
-Caroline M Tanner. PD or not PD? That is the question. Neurology2003; 61:5-6.
Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I et al. "Dopaminergic Loss and Inclusion Body Formation in alpha-Synuclein Mice: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders". Science2000; 287 (5456): 1265–1269.
Lohmann E, Periquet M, Bonifati V et al."Howmuch phenotypic variation can be attributed to parkin genotype?". Annals of Neurology2003; 54 (2): 176– 185.
Pramstaller PP, kunig G, Leenders K et al. Parkin mutations in a patient with hemi parkinson-hemi atrophy:A clinical-genetic and PET study.Neurology2002;58:808-810.
Foroud T, Uniacke SK, liu L et al. Heterozygosity for a mutation in the parkin gene leads to later onset PD. Neurology 2003;60:796-801.
Murata M, Hasegawa K, Kanazawa I. Zonisamide improves motor function in Parkinson disease: a randomized, double-blind study. Neurology 2007;68(1):45-50.
Deuschl G, Schade-Brittinger C, Krack P et al. A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2006;355(9):896- 908.
Suchowersky O, Reich S, Perlmutter J et al. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice Parameter: diagnosis and prognosis of new onset Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2006;66(7):968-75.
Muneera A Al- Bunyan. Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical and electro- physiological evalution. Neurosciences 2000; 5:46-49.
Rayendran RR, Thompson R, Ruch RG. The use of alternative therapies by patients with Parkinson’s Disease.Neurology 2001;57:790-794.
Witjas T, kaphan E, Azalay J P et al. Non motor fluctuation inPD frequent and disability.Neurology 2002;59:408-413.
Wermuth L, Pakkenberg H, Jeune B. High age adjusted prevelence of PD among Inuits in Greenland (DenMark). Neurology 2002; 58:1422-1425.
Bentio-Leon J,Bermejo-Pareja F, Rodriguez j et al. Prevalence of PD and other types of parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain. Mov Disord 2003;18(3):267-274.
