Effect of Narghile (Shisha) and Cigarette Smokingon Lipid Profile in Sudanese Individuals

الملخص

Introduction:     Smoking  is  now  increasing  rapidly  throughout  of the republic of Sudan especially in the States and is one of the biggest threats  to  current  and  future  health, Aim: to study the effect of cigarette and shisha (water pipe) smoking on lipid profiles among  the East  Region people of Sudan.

Methodology:  this cross–sectional study  done on 500 participants, of whom 250 were smokers of (cigarettes and shisha) whereas 250 were non-smokers. A questionnaire was well-designed to provide date, blood samples and was collected and kept  in safely until the analysis at the clinical chemistry laboratory.

Results: The  mean±SD  of  total cholesterol , triglycerides  and  LDL  were  increased  and  P. value less than  0.05  considered  significant ( P < 0.05* )  while  HDL  not effected ,  and  positive  correlation  exist  between  LDL / TC  and  LDL / TG  ( r = 0.960**, P  < 0.01 )  ( r = 0.709**, P  < 0.01 ) and  negative correlation  exist between LDL / HDL ,  HDL / TC  and  HDL / TG  ( r = - .814**, P < 0.01 ) ( r = - .831**,P < 0.01 )  (R=-.618**P < 0.01)   were  consumed  numbers  of  cigarettes  and  shisha  per  day , also  the  results  explain  insignificant  correlations  between  lipid  profile  and  duration  of cigarette  and  shisha  smoking  ,  and  exist  influence in  concentrations of  lipid profiles  levels  with  numbers  of  cigarettes  and  shisha  were  consumed.  Conclusion :  This study revealed that there are significant differences in  the means of parameters of  TC,TG,LDL, and HDL between case and control groups, and insignificant  correlations  between  lipid  profile  and  duration  of cigarette  and  shisha  smoking .