The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Level and Psychosomatic Symptoms in Females in Mosul City
الملخص
Background: A widespread severe deficiency of vitamin D (vit D) exists in Iraq,
especially among women of reproductive age. Depression or anxiety is related to
deficiency of vit D. These patients may present with psychosomatic symptoms which
are symptoms with no sufficient organic cause in the body but from psychological
causality. The study aimed to investigate the serum level of vit D in females with
psychosomatic symptoms residing in Mosul City, Iraq and explore the effect of vitamin
D3 (vit D3) supplements for treating psychosomatic symptoms.
Methods: A total of 73 female patients aged 15–45 years presented with several
symptoms. All patients underwent physical examination and psychiatric interviews.
Patients with minimal to mild depression were selected. All included patients
underwent investigation of first serum vit D level. The supplementation with vitamin D3
was started. The second serum vit D level was investigated at first post-improvement
visit.
Results: In the improved group, the post-supplementation serum vit D level was higher
than that before the supplementation (p = 0.00). In addition, the vit D serum difference
before and after its supplementation was greater in the improved group than the nonimproved
one (p = 0.00). Patients not only experienced improvement in their mood
swings, but also recovered from other recorded symptoms such as headache, fatigue,
tiredness, and joint pain.
Conclusion: This study revealed a noticeable association concerning serum levels of
25-OH D and mild depression in addition to psychosomatic symptoms in females living
in Mosul City. Supplementation with suitable loading vit D3 dosages improved these
symptoms showing a probable causal relationship.
المراجع
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[12] Deluca, G. C., Kimball, S. M., Kolasinski, J., et al. (2013). Review: the role of vitamin Din nervous system health and disease. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology,vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 458–484.
[13] Józefowicz, O., Rabe-jabłońska, J., Woźniacka, A., et al. (2014). Analysis of vitaminD status in major depression. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.329–337.
[14] Kerr, D. C., Zava, D. T., Piper, W. T., et al. (2015). Associations between vitamin D levelsand depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Research, vol.227, no. 1, pp. 46–51.
[15] Bičíková, M., Dušková, M., Vítků, J., et al. (2015). Vitamin D in anxiety and affectivedisorders. Physiological Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. S101–S103.
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[21] Einarsdóttir, K., Preen, D. B., Clay, T. D., et al. (2010). Effect of a single ‘megadose’intramuscular vitamin D 600,000 IU injection on vitamin D concentrations and bonemineral density following biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Obesity Surgery, vol. 20,no. 6, pp. 732–737.
[22] Amrein, K., Sourij, H., Wagner, G., et al. (2011). Short-term effects of high-dose oralvitamin D3 in critically ill vitamin D deficient patients: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled pilot study. Critical Care, vol. 15, no. 2, p. R104.
[23] Cipriani, C., Romagnoli, E., Scillitani, A., et al. (2010). Effect of a single oral dose of600,000 IU of cholecalciferol on serum calciotropic hormones in young subjectswith vitamin D deficiency: a prospective intervention study. Journal of ClinicalEndocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 95, no. 10, pp. 4771–4777.
[24] Kjærgaard, M., Waterloo, K., Wang, C. E., et al. (2012). Effect of vitamin D supplementon depression scores in people with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: nestedcase-control study and randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 201,no. 5, pp. 360–368,
[25] Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Nabizade, L., Yassini-Ardakani, S. M., et al. (2013). The effectof 2 different single injections of high dose of vitamin D on improving the depressionin depressed patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Journalof Clinical Psychopharmacology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 378–385.
[26] Daud, K. Mohd., Julies, P., Poblete, X., et al. (2012). Safety of vitamin Dsupplementation in children: a massive vitamin D overdose with no apparenthypercalcaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 97, no. 1, p. A12.
[27] Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Walicka, M., Tałałaj, M., et al. (2010). Vitamin Dsupplementation in adults-guidelines. Endokrynologia Polska, vol. 616, no. 1, pp.723–729.
[28] Wilkins, C. H., Sheline, Y. I., Roe, C. M., et al. (2006). Vitamin D deficiency is associatedwith low mood and worse cognitive performance in older adults. American Journalof Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1032–1040.
[29] Kerr, D. C., Zava, D. T., Piper, W. T., et al. (2015). Associations between vitamin D levelsand depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Research, vol.227, no. 1, pp. 46–51.
[30] Milaneschi, Y., Hoogendijk, W., Lips, P., et al. (2013). The association between lowvitamin D and depressive disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 444–451.
[31] Parker, G. and Brotchie, H. (2011). ‘D’ for depression: any role for vitamin D? ’Foodfor Thought’ II. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 243–249.
[32] Gloth 3rd, F. M., Alam, W., and Hollis, B. (1999). Vitamin D vs broad spectrumphototherapy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Nutrition,Health and Aging, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5–7.
[33] Gowda, U., Mutowo, M. P., Smith, B. J., et al. (2015). Vitamin D supplementation toreduce depression in adults: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition,vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 421–429.
[34] Knutsen, K. V., Brekke, M., Gjelstad, S., et al. (2010). Vitamin D status in patients withmusculoskeletal pain, fatigue and headache: a cross-sectional descriptive study inamultiethnicgeneralpracticeinNorway.ScandinavianJournalofPrimaryHealthCare, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 166–171.
[35] Prakash, S. and Shah, N. D. (2009). Chronic tension-type headache with vitamin ddeficiency: casual or causal association? Headache, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1214–1222.
[36] Badsha, H., Daher, M., and Ooi, K. K. (2009). Myalgias or non-specific musclepain in Arab or Indo-Pakistani patients may indicate vitamin D deficiency. ClinicalRheumatology, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 971–973.
[2] Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, vol.357, pp. 266–281.
[3] Guardia, G., Parikh, N., Eskridge, T., et al. (2008). Prevalence of vitamin D depletionamong subjects seeking advice on osteoporosis: a five year cross-sectional studywith public health implications. Osteoporosis International, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–19.
[4] Gaugris, S., Heaney, R. P., Boonen, S., et al. (2005). Vitamin D inadequacy amongpost- menopausal women: a systematic review. QJM, vol. 98, no. 9, pp. 667–676.
[5] Hantoosh, H. A., Mahdi, M. H., Imran, B. W., et al. (2019). Prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency in Iraqi female at reproductive age. Medical Journal of Babylon, vol. 16,no. 2, pp. 119–122.
[6] Jawale, B., Rodrigues, L., Jitendra, N., et al. (2019). The effect of a vitamin D3supplement supracal HD tablet in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement -a clinical comparative and observational study. International Journal of Science andResearch, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 539–542.
[7] Wortsman, J., Matsuoka, L. Y., Chen, T. C., et al. (2000). Decreased bioavailabilityof vitamin D in obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 72, no. 3, pp.690–693.
[8] Hollis, B. W. and Wagner, C. L. (2005). Normal serum vitamin D levels. New EnglandJournal of Medicine, vol. 352, no. 5, pp. 515–516.
[9] Heaney, R. P. (2010). Defining deficiency of vitamin D. Clinical LaboratoryInternational, vol. 34, pp. 16–19.
[10] Heaney, R. P. (2013). Health is better at serum 25OHD above 30 ng/mL. Journal ofSteroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 136, pp. 224–228.
[11] Reid, I. R. and Bolland, M. J. (2014). Skeletal and nonskeletal effects of vitamin D:is vitamin D a tonic for bone and other tissues? Osteoporosis International, vol. 25,no. 10, pp. 2347–2357.
[12] Deluca, G. C., Kimball, S. M., Kolasinski, J., et al. (2013). Review: the role of vitamin Din nervous system health and disease. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology,vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 458–484.
[13] Józefowicz, O., Rabe-jabłońska, J., Woźniacka, A., et al. (2014). Analysis of vitaminD status in major depression. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.329–337.
[14] Kerr, D. C., Zava, D. T., Piper, W. T., et al. (2015). Associations between vitamin D levelsand depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Research, vol.227, no. 1, pp. 46–51.
[15] Bičíková, M., Dušková, M., Vítků, J., et al. (2015). Vitamin D in anxiety and affectivedisorders. Physiological Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. S101–S103.
[16] David, S. and Roger, S. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry (3rd ed.). OxfordUniversity Press.
[17] Katon, W., Kleinman, A., and Rosen, G. (1982). Depression and somatization: a review,Part I-II. American Journal of Medicine, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 242–247.
[18] BischoflF-Ferrari, H. A. (2008). Optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for multiplehealth outcomes. In: J. Reichrath (Ed.), Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancery. LandesBioscience Book.
[19] Hansson, M., Chotai, J., Nordstöm, A., et al. (Comparison of two self-rating scales todetect depression: HADS and PHQ-9). British Journal of General Practice, vol. 59,no. 566, pp. e283–e288.
[20] Altra company “biomeriuex”, minividas. Retrieved from: http://www.annulab.com/annonces_classees/v_occasions.shtml
[21] Einarsdóttir, K., Preen, D. B., Clay, T. D., et al. (2010). Effect of a single ‘megadose’intramuscular vitamin D 600,000 IU injection on vitamin D concentrations and bonemineral density following biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Obesity Surgery, vol. 20,no. 6, pp. 732–737.
[22] Amrein, K., Sourij, H., Wagner, G., et al. (2011). Short-term effects of high-dose oralvitamin D3 in critically ill vitamin D deficient patients: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled pilot study. Critical Care, vol. 15, no. 2, p. R104.
[23] Cipriani, C., Romagnoli, E., Scillitani, A., et al. (2010). Effect of a single oral dose of600,000 IU of cholecalciferol on serum calciotropic hormones in young subjectswith vitamin D deficiency: a prospective intervention study. Journal of ClinicalEndocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 95, no. 10, pp. 4771–4777.
[24] Kjærgaard, M., Waterloo, K., Wang, C. E., et al. (2012). Effect of vitamin D supplementon depression scores in people with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: nestedcase-control study and randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 201,no. 5, pp. 360–368,
[25] Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Nabizade, L., Yassini-Ardakani, S. M., et al. (2013). The effectof 2 different single injections of high dose of vitamin D on improving the depressionin depressed patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Journalof Clinical Psychopharmacology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 378–385.
[26] Daud, K. Mohd., Julies, P., Poblete, X., et al. (2012). Safety of vitamin Dsupplementation in children: a massive vitamin D overdose with no apparenthypercalcaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 97, no. 1, p. A12.
[27] Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Walicka, M., Tałałaj, M., et al. (2010). Vitamin Dsupplementation in adults-guidelines. Endokrynologia Polska, vol. 616, no. 1, pp.723–729.
[28] Wilkins, C. H., Sheline, Y. I., Roe, C. M., et al. (2006). Vitamin D deficiency is associatedwith low mood and worse cognitive performance in older adults. American Journalof Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1032–1040.
[29] Kerr, D. C., Zava, D. T., Piper, W. T., et al. (2015). Associations between vitamin D levelsand depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Research, vol.227, no. 1, pp. 46–51.
[30] Milaneschi, Y., Hoogendijk, W., Lips, P., et al. (2013). The association between lowvitamin D and depressive disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 444–451.
[31] Parker, G. and Brotchie, H. (2011). ‘D’ for depression: any role for vitamin D? ’Foodfor Thought’ II. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 243–249.
[32] Gloth 3rd, F. M., Alam, W., and Hollis, B. (1999). Vitamin D vs broad spectrumphototherapy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Nutrition,Health and Aging, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5–7.
[33] Gowda, U., Mutowo, M. P., Smith, B. J., et al. (2015). Vitamin D supplementation toreduce depression in adults: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition,vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 421–429.
[34] Knutsen, K. V., Brekke, M., Gjelstad, S., et al. (2010). Vitamin D status in patients withmusculoskeletal pain, fatigue and headache: a cross-sectional descriptive study inamultiethnicgeneralpracticeinNorway.ScandinavianJournalofPrimaryHealthCare, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 166–171.
[35] Prakash, S. and Shah, N. D. (2009). Chronic tension-type headache with vitamin ddeficiency: casual or causal association? Headache, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1214–1222.
[36] Badsha, H., Daher, M., and Ooi, K. K. (2009). Myalgias or non-specific musclepain in Arab or Indo-Pakistani patients may indicate vitamin D deficiency. ClinicalRheumatology, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 971–973.
منشور
2021-08-21
القسم
Original Articles
