Anticonvulsant and Anxiolytic Properties of the Roots of Grewia bicolor in Rats
الملخص
Background: Grewia bicolor (G. bicolor) root is used in traditional medicine in Sudan to treat diseases of the nervous system such as anxiety and epilepsy and also to tranquilize agitated patients.
Objectives: To explore the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities of this medicinal plant in rats.
Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of the root of G. bicolourat (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p was studied for its anticonvulsant effect on four in vivo rat models (Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES), Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-, picrotoxin (PIC)- and Strychnine (STR) - induced seizures). Simple activity meter was used for the evaluation of the anxiolytic properties. Sodium valproate (400 mg kg) was used as a reference anticonvulsant drug for all models. The protection from tonic convulsions and the number of protected animals from seizures were noted. The numbers of movements between the squares in the activity meter were counted in the consecutive 5 minutes and the motor activity was observed.
Results: G. bicolourroot extract showed marked anxiolytic effect and significant decrease in the motor activity (p< 0.05) since the first dose (200mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The doses (400-800 mg/kg) of the extract significantly (p < 0.01 - p < 0.001) reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) and delayed the onset of tonic-clonic seizures produced by strychnine, whereas, all the tested doses significantly protected the animals (up to 100%) from pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin- induced seizures.
Conclusion: G. bicolourroot seemed to possess anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effect in rats.
المراجع
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30. Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Srimal RC, Tandon JS. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part IV Indian J. Exp. Biol 1973; 11: 43.
31. Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Srimal RC, Tandon JS. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XV Indian J. Exp. Biol 1974; 12: 512.
32. Dolzhenko AT, Komissarov IV. GABA-ergic effects of harman independent of its influence on benzodiazepine receptors. BiullEkspBiol Med1984; 98(10):446-8.
33. Pfau W, Skog K. Exposure to beta carbolinesnorharman and harman. Journal of Chromatography B 2004; 802: 115.
34. Theodore WH. Does Serotonin Play a Role in Epilepsy? EpilepsyCurr2003; (5): 173-177.
35.Bagdy G, Kecskemeti V, Riba P,Jakus R. Serotonin and epilepsy. J Neurochem2007; 100(4):857-73.
36. Ashish M, Sunita P. Anticonvulsant study of pongamiapinnatalinn against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion in rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2010; V1(2).
37. Van Bogaert P, De Tiege X, Vanderwinden JM, Damhaut P, Schiffmann SN, Goldman S. Comparative study of hippocampal neuronal loss and in vivo binding of 5-HT1a receptors in the Ka model of limbic epilepsy in the rat. Epilepsy Res 2001; 47: 127–139.
38. Ambawade SD, Kasture VS,Kasture SB. Anticonvulsant activity of roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhizaglabra. Indian J Pharmacol 2002; 34: 251-255.
39. Ganga R M, Jennnifer F, Vijayanarayana K. Evaluation of Antiepileptic activity of the Alcoholic extract of Adhatodavasica leaves in rats. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2011; 2 (3) : 5-10.
40.Reza HM, Mohammad H, Golnaz E, Gholamreza S. Effect of methanolic extract of HyoscymusnigerL. on the seizure induced by picritoxin in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci2009; 22(3): 308-312.
41. Griebel G, Perrault G, Tan S, Schoemaker H, Sanger DJ. Pharmacological studies on synthetic flavonoids: comparison with diazepam. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 965–977.
42. Marder M, Estiu G, Blanch LB, Viola H, Wasowski C, Medina JH, Paladini AC. Molecular modeling and QSAR analysis of the interaction of flavone derivatives with the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptor complex. Bioorg. Med. Chem 2001; 9, 323–335.
2. Goyal K. Phytochemical and pharmacological 7properties of the genus grewia: a review. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences 2012; 4, (1): 72-78.
3. Jaspers WJ, Bashir AK, Zwerving JS, Malingre TM. Investigation of Grewia bicolor Juss. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1986;17 (3): 205-211.
4. Mohamed AE, Karrar MA, Salih AE, Bashir AK, Ali MB,Khalid SA. Pharmacological activities of Grewiabicolor roots. J Ethnopharmacol1990; 28 (3) : 285-92.
5. Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS. Introduction to organic laboratory technique, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia; 1976. P. 50-54.
6. Loscher W, Fassbender CP, Nolting B. The role of technical, biological and pharmacological factors in the laboratory evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. III. Pentylenetetrazole seizure models. Epilepsy Res 1991;8: 171–189.
7. Harbone JB. Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analyses. Chapman and hall, London; 1976. P. 150.
8. Turner RA. General methods. In: Screening methods in pharmacology. Academic Press, New York and London; 1965. Vol.1, pp. 42.
9. Ngo Bum E, Schmutz M, Meyer C. Anticonvulsant properties of the methanolic extract of Cyperusarticulatus (Cyperaceae). JEthnopharmacol 2001; 76:145–50.
10. Ngo Bum E, Dawack DL, Schmutz M, Rakotonirina A, Rakotonirina SV, Portet C, Jeker A, Olpe HR, Herrling P. Anticonvulsant activity of Mimosa pudica decoction. Fitoterapia 2004; 75(3- 4): 309-314.
11. Smith M, Wilcox KS, White HS. Discovery of antiepileptic drugs. Neurotherapeutics 2007; 4: 12- 17.
12. Holmes GL. Animal model studies application to human patients. Neurology 2007; 69(24) : 28-32
13. GhanimUllah, Steven J. Schiff. "Models of Epilepsy". Scholarpedia 2009; 4(7): 1409.
14. Kruse HJ,Kuch H. Etifoxine: evaluation of its anticonvulsant profile in mice in comparison with sodium valproate, phenytoin and clobazam. Arzneimittelforschung1985; 35(1):133-5.
15. Ngo Bum E, Taiwe GS, Moto FC, Ngoupaye GT, Nkantchoua GC, Pelanken MM, Rakotonirina SV, Rakotonirina A. Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative properties of the roots of Nauclealatifolia in mice. Epilepsy & Behavior 2009; 15(4) 434–440.
16. Litchfield JT , Wilcoxon FA. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1949; 96: 99-113.
17.Rakotonirina SV, Ngo Bum E, Rakotonirina A, Bopelet M. Sedative properties of the extract of the rhizome of Cyperusarticulatus. Fitoterapia 2001; 72 (1): 22-29.
18. Tijani AY, Okhale SE, Oga FE, Tags SZ, Salawu OA, Chindo B A. Anti-emetic activity of Grewialasiodiscusroot extract and fractions. African Journal of Biotechnology 2008; 7 (17): 3011-3016.
19. Perez GRM, Perez IJA, Garcia D, Sossa MH. Neuropharmacological activity of Solanumnigricum fruits. J. Ethnopharmacol 1998; 62: 43-48.
20. Olsen RW. GABA-benzodiazepine-barbiturate receptor interactions. J. Neurochem1981; 37(1): 1- 13.
21. Nicol RA. Introduction to the pharmacology of the central nervous system (CNS). In: Basic and ClinicalPharmacology. Katzung BG, McGraw-Hill, New York; 2007. P. 489-507.
22. Gale K. GABA and epilepsy: Basic concepts from preclinical research. Epilepsia 1992;5(33): S3-S12.
23. Lucindo J, Quintans J, Jackson R, Julianeli T, Xirley P, Jullyana S, Leandra E, Reinaldo N, Petrônio F, José M. Plants with anticonvulsant properties-a review. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 2008; 18: 78-819.
24. Fisher RS. Animal models of the epilepsies. Brain Res Rev 1989; 14:245–78.
25. Mustafa AM, Ali AM. Substance in broad beans (Viciafaba) is protective against experimentally induced convulsions in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2008; 12:25–9.
26. Findlay GS, Wick M.J, Mascia MP, Wallace D, Millier GW, Harris RA, Blednov YA. Transgenic expression of a mutant glycine receptor decreases alcohol sensitivity of mice. Journal Pharmacology Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 300 (2): 526-534.
27. Aswal BS, Goel AK, Kulshrestha DK, Mehrotra BN, Patnaik GK. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XV. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1996; (34): 444-467.
28.Bhakuni DS, Dha ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. II. Indian J ExpBiol1969; 7(4):250-62.
29. Goel AK, Kulshreshtha DK, Dubey MP, Rajendran SM. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XVI. Indian J ExpBiol2002; 40(7):812-27.
30. Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Srimal RC, Tandon JS. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part IV Indian J. Exp. Biol 1973; 11: 43.
31. Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Srimal RC, Tandon JS. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XV Indian J. Exp. Biol 1974; 12: 512.
32. Dolzhenko AT, Komissarov IV. GABA-ergic effects of harman independent of its influence on benzodiazepine receptors. BiullEkspBiol Med1984; 98(10):446-8.
33. Pfau W, Skog K. Exposure to beta carbolinesnorharman and harman. Journal of Chromatography B 2004; 802: 115.
34. Theodore WH. Does Serotonin Play a Role in Epilepsy? EpilepsyCurr2003; (5): 173-177.
35.Bagdy G, Kecskemeti V, Riba P,Jakus R. Serotonin and epilepsy. J Neurochem2007; 100(4):857-73.
36. Ashish M, Sunita P. Anticonvulsant study of pongamiapinnatalinn against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion in rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2010; V1(2).
37. Van Bogaert P, De Tiege X, Vanderwinden JM, Damhaut P, Schiffmann SN, Goldman S. Comparative study of hippocampal neuronal loss and in vivo binding of 5-HT1a receptors in the Ka model of limbic epilepsy in the rat. Epilepsy Res 2001; 47: 127–139.
38. Ambawade SD, Kasture VS,Kasture SB. Anticonvulsant activity of roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhizaglabra. Indian J Pharmacol 2002; 34: 251-255.
39. Ganga R M, Jennnifer F, Vijayanarayana K. Evaluation of Antiepileptic activity of the Alcoholic extract of Adhatodavasica leaves in rats. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2011; 2 (3) : 5-10.
40.Reza HM, Mohammad H, Golnaz E, Gholamreza S. Effect of methanolic extract of HyoscymusnigerL. on the seizure induced by picritoxin in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci2009; 22(3): 308-312.
41. Griebel G, Perrault G, Tan S, Schoemaker H, Sanger DJ. Pharmacological studies on synthetic flavonoids: comparison with diazepam. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38: 965–977.
42. Marder M, Estiu G, Blanch LB, Viola H, Wasowski C, Medina JH, Paladini AC. Molecular modeling and QSAR analysis of the interaction of flavone derivatives with the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA(A) receptor complex. Bioorg. Med. Chem 2001; 9, 323–335.
منشور
2021-08-21
القسم
Original Articles
