High sensitive c reactive protein as predictor marker for cardiovascular diseases in Sudanese type 2 diabetic patients
الملخص
Background: type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with inflammatory condition that lead to chronic complications. hs-CRP level had been reported as markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess hs-CRP level in type 2 DM patients and their relation to diabetes cardiovascular complications.
Materials and methods: In case control study (205) diagnosed type 2 DM patients and (100) controls were included. Serum high Sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured.
Results: Type 2 DM patients had increased level of hs-CRP and decreased HDL-C level p-value (0.020 and 0.000) respectively. Females had increased serum hs-CRP, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C p-value (0.005, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000) respectively. Moreover, patients received statin drugs showed decreases in hs-CRP, TC and LDL-C p-value (0.030, 0.000 and 0.000) respectively. BMI correlate positively with TG (r: 0.37, P-value 0.017) and hs-CRP (r: 0.56, P-value 0.000), while it correlated negatively with HDL-C (r: -0.36, P-value 0.029).
Conclusion: The data suggested that, hs-CRP is useful diagnostic and predictor marker for CVDs in obese type 2 DM patients.
المراجع
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[24] Mahajan A, Tabassum R, Chavali S, Dwivedi OP, Bharadwaj M, Tandon N, et al. High- sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and type 2 diabetes in urban North Indians. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2009;94(6):2123-7.
[25] Qasim AN, Budharaju V, Mehta NN, St Clair C, Farouk S, Braunstein S, et al. Gender differences in the association of C−reactive protein with coronary artery calcium in Type−2 diabetes. Clinical endocrinology. 2011;74(1):44-50.
[26] Gordon L, Ragoobirsingh D, St Errol Y, Choo-Kang E, McGrowder D, Martorell E. Lipid profile of type 2 diabetic and hypertensive patients in the Jamaican population. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2010;2(1):25-30.
[27] Cui R, Qi Z, Zhou L, Li Z, Li Q, Zhang J. Evaluation of serum lipid profile, body mass index, and waistline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical interventions in aging. 2016;11:445-52.
[28] Zeqollari A, Spahiu K, Vyshka G, Çakërri L. Lipid Profile in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Albania and The Corellation with BMI, Hypertension, and Hepatosteatosis. Journal family medicin community health. 2014;1(4):1018.
[29] Son JW, Kim DJ, Lee CB, Oh S, Song KH, Jung CH, et al. Effects of patient−tailored atorvastatin therapy on ameliorating the levels of atherogenic lipids and inflammation beyond lowering low−density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes investigation. 2013;4(5):466-74.
[30] Amanullah S, Jarari A, Govindan M. Association of hs-CRP with diabetic and non- diabetic individuals. Jordan journal of biological sciences. 2010;3(1):7-12.
[31] Omotoye FE, Fadupin GT. Effect of Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2016;15(9):65-70.
[32] Elfaki EM, Raheem EMA, Ahmed SE. Evaluation of Lipid Metabolism among Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology. 2014;23(1):28-33.
[2] Liu J, Li J, Li W-J, Wang C-M. The role of uncoupling proteins in diabetes mellitus. Journal of diabetes research. 2013;2013:7.
[3] Ozougwu J, Obimba K, Belonwu C, Unakalamba C. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology. 2013;4(4):46-57.
[4] Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:4-14.
[5] Noor S, Bushara S, Sulaiman A, Elmadhoun W, Ahmed M. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in rural communities in Sudan: prevalence and risk factors/Diabete non diagnostique dans les communautes rurales du Soudan: prevalence et facteurs de risque. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2015;21(3):164-70.
[6] Aynalem SB, Zeleke AJ. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors among Individuals Aged 15 Years and Above in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia,2016: A Cross Sectional Study. International journal of endocrinology. 2018;2018:1-7.
[7] Balla SA, Ahmed HA, Awadelkareem MA. Prevalence of diabetes, knowledge, and attitude of rural, population towards diabetes and hypoglycaemic event, Sudan 2013. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(6):356-60.
[8] Baranwal JK, Maskey R, Majhi S, Lamsal M, Baral N. Association between level of HbA1c and lipid profile in T2DM patients attending diabetic OPD at BPKIHS. Health Renaissance. 2017;13(3):16-23.
[9] Moreira TS, Hamadeh MJ. The role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 2010;5(4):e155-e65.
[10] Likitesh A, Prabhakar K, Reddy Prasad K. Estimation of high sensitivity c-reactive protein levels as a early marker of diabetic nephropathy. european journal of pharmaceutical and medical research.4(4):315-8.
[11] Khan MI, Usman K, Ashfaq F, Himanshu D, Ali W, Idris M. Association of Hs-CRP and HbA1C with Microalbuminuria in Type-2 Diabetic patients in North India. Biomedical Research. 2012;23(3):380-4.
[12] Patil A, Ganu J. High sensitive C-reactive protein and microalbumin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asian Pac J Health Sci. 2014;1(4):319-21.
[13] Sindhu S, Singh HK, Salman MT, Fatima J, Verma VK. Effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid profile in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics. 2011;2(4):261-65.
[14] Ding D, Wang M, Su D, Hong C, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Body mass index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and mortality in Chinese with coronary artery disease. PloS one. 2015;10(8):e0135713.
[15] Clearfield MB. C-reactive protein: a new risk assessment tool for cardiovascular disease. Journal-american osteopathic association. 2005;105(9):409-16.
[16] Hayashino Y, Mashitani T, Tsujii S, Ishii H. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels are associated with high risk of development, not progression, of diabetic nephropathy among Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: a prospective cohort study (Diabetes Distress and Care Registry at Tenri [DDCRT7]). Diabetes Care. 2014;37(11):2947-52.
[17] Bashir S, Shabbir I, Aasim M. Role of C-reactive protein as a marker for microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetics. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2014;26(1):32-4.
[18] Mojahedi MJ, Bonakdaran S, Hami M, Sheikhian MR, Shakeri MT, Aiatollahi H. Elevated serum C-reactive protein level and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2009;3(1):12-6. 27.
[19] Ozder A. Lipid profile abnormalities seen in T2DM patients in primary healthcare in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Lipids in health and disease. 2014;13(1):183.
[20] Kohei K. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy. JMAJ. 2010;53(1):41-6.
[21] Rahmanian K, Shojaei M, Jahromi AS. Relation of type 2 diabetes mellitus with gender, education, and marital status in an Iranian urban population. Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology. 2013;1(2):64-8.
[22] Momin AA, Naik PS, Bhoite GM. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, As Predictor of Microalbuminuria, a Risk Factor For Nephropathy In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR). 2012;1(2):36- 40.
[23] Valiollah S, Mojtaba E, Vahid I, Ali SM, editors. Association of C Reactive Protein with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic. Proceedings of International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics (ICBBB 2011); 2011.
[24] Mahajan A, Tabassum R, Chavali S, Dwivedi OP, Bharadwaj M, Tandon N, et al. High- sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and type 2 diabetes in urban North Indians. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2009;94(6):2123-7.
[25] Qasim AN, Budharaju V, Mehta NN, St Clair C, Farouk S, Braunstein S, et al. Gender differences in the association of C−reactive protein with coronary artery calcium in Type−2 diabetes. Clinical endocrinology. 2011;74(1):44-50.
[26] Gordon L, Ragoobirsingh D, St Errol Y, Choo-Kang E, McGrowder D, Martorell E. Lipid profile of type 2 diabetic and hypertensive patients in the Jamaican population. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2010;2(1):25-30.
[27] Cui R, Qi Z, Zhou L, Li Z, Li Q, Zhang J. Evaluation of serum lipid profile, body mass index, and waistline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical interventions in aging. 2016;11:445-52.
[28] Zeqollari A, Spahiu K, Vyshka G, Çakërri L. Lipid Profile in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Albania and The Corellation with BMI, Hypertension, and Hepatosteatosis. Journal family medicin community health. 2014;1(4):1018.
[29] Son JW, Kim DJ, Lee CB, Oh S, Song KH, Jung CH, et al. Effects of patient−tailored atorvastatin therapy on ameliorating the levels of atherogenic lipids and inflammation beyond lowering low−density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes investigation. 2013;4(5):466-74.
[30] Amanullah S, Jarari A, Govindan M. Association of hs-CRP with diabetic and non- diabetic individuals. Jordan journal of biological sciences. 2010;3(1):7-12.
[31] Omotoye FE, Fadupin GT. Effect of Body Mass Index on Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2016;15(9):65-70.
[32] Elfaki EM, Raheem EMA, Ahmed SE. Evaluation of Lipid Metabolism among Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology. 2014;23(1):28-33.
منشور
2021-09-01
القسم
Original Articles
