Applications, Challenges and Future of Organic Agriculture in the Sudan

Abstract

Organic agriculture is a complete production management system, it promotes and support the agricultural ecological system safety includes biological diversity, biological rotation and activities in the soil. The appearance of chemical side effect against human, animal and environmental health leaded to avoidance of their uses and replaced by organic natural alternatives to increase the production of organic yields to achieve organic agriculture in Sudan. The objective of this study aimed to discuss the applications, challenges and future of organic agriculture in the Sudan. The study depends on the historical, analytical description, previous studies, scientific reports, analysis methodology and joining organic agricultural components with accordance to the future vision of organic agriculture in Sudan. The research speaks about the general concept, components, goals of national, regional and global organic agriculture, biological control and their ecological impact, the constructive basis, planning, crops selection, basis of high quality and safety food, social and ecological impact, avoidance of uses genetic modified products, soil and farm management, optimum sowing date, crop rotation, mulching, herbs organic control, water control, fertilization, plant nutrition and protection principles in organic agriculture, organic pest and diseases control, methods of organic agriculture like; compost, crop recycling, green fertilizer, methods of biological control, good nutritive balance program to control diseases, control of adverse environment; by sterilization, steam sanitation, solarization, uses of soils alternatives like water and rock wool, post-harvest disease control, cooling treatment, heating treatments, pressurized air and treatment with gazes and natural materials. The study also speaks about certified organic products, synthesized organic food, accreditation of organic agric. with international agricultural organization, national accreditation, international accreditation with respect to 91/2092 standard, data card, organic agricultural laws and data of organic product. The study concluded that there are positive application prospects of organic agriculture in the Sudan, and can achieve a promising position in the international organic agriculture ranking, by construction of Sudanese agricultural and national accreditation office.