Heterosis Studies in Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L) Inbred Lines for Yield and yield Components under Kassala State Environment, Sudan.

Abdullah  Elhassan Yousif; Mohammedein  B. Alhussein; Ahmed  Hassan Abu Assar; Ibrahim  Elsadig Ibrahim; Elharith  Hamed Bakheit

doi:10.52981/fajas.v6i2.2592

Abdullah Elhassan Yousif Agricultural Research Corporation, Kassala, Sudan
Mohammedein B. Alhussein Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan
Ahmed Hassan Abu Assar Agricultural Research Corporation, Soba, Sudan.
Ibrahim Elsadig Ibrahim Agricultural Research Corporation, Soba, Sudan.
Elharith Hamed Bakheit Agricultural Research Corporation, Kassala, Sudan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52981/fajas.v6i2.2592

Keywords: Heterosis, Maize, Yield, Yield components

Abstract

Development of high yielding hybrids with high vigor is the ultimate objective of maize breeding and the success depends largely on the identification of the best parents to ensure maximum heterosis for hybrid production. The present study was carried out at two locations, Tacroof, Kassala Research Station farm and Sawagi ,farmer field, at Kassala state, Sudan with the objective to estimate mid – parent heterosis of five parents (TZBRD-ADQ-2, TZBRD-ADQ-3, TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-AD-5 and TZBRD-COMP-6) and their ten single cross (F1hybrid) (TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-ADQ-3, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-2× TZBRD-COMP-6, TZBRD-ADQ-3× TZBRD-ADQ-4, TZBRD-ADQ-3 ×TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-3× TZBRD-COMP-6, TZBRD-ADQ-4× TZBRD-AD-5, TZBRD-ADQ-4× TZBRD-COMP-6 and TZBRD-AD-5× TZBRD-COMP-6) . Four experiments were conducted in two consecutive summer seasons 2016 and 2017 respectively at two different locations. The studied traits included days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height(cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight (g), and grain yield (kg/ha) were measured. The result showed that, highly percentage over mid parents heterosis obtained by cross TZBRD-ADQ-2×TZBRD-ADQ-3, which recorded highest significant relative heterosis for grain yield and other yield components, in desirable direction at both locations. Among all the crosses average of mid parent heterosis was identified as a promising hybrid for majority of studied traits and could be utilized in improvement of the crop characteristics in future hybridization breeding program.

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